30 Questions
What is the primary objective of clinical biochemistry in disease diagnosis and management?
To monitor and manage diseases through biochemical tests
What should a student be able to do after completing the clinical biochemistry course?
Decide what biochemistry tests to be performed according to the medical situation of the patient
What is the significance of understanding the link between the medical case situation and biochemistry laboratory results?
It helps in predicting the clinical situation of the patient
What is the role of clinical biochemistry in disease management and treatment planning?
It enables the development of disease management approaches and plans
What type of specimens are used for biochemical testing?
All of the above
What is the primary effect of hypoventilation on blood chemistry?
Elevated partial pressure of carbon dioxide
What is the primary goal of test selection in discretionary testing?
To select the most appropriate biochemical tests for a particular medical situation
What is the physiological response to metabolic acidosis?
Respiratory compensation by increasing ventilation rate
What is the cause of metabolic acidosis in a patient with severe diarrhea?
Loss of bicarbonate ions from the gastrointestinal tract
What is the effect of thiazide diuretics on blood chemistry?
Decreased plasma hydrogen ion concentration
What is the physiological response to respiratory alkalosis?
Renal compensation by increasing hydrogen ion excretion
What is the cause of respiratory acidosis in a patient with a spinal cord lesion?
Decreased ventilation rate due to CNS depression
What is the primary factor that affects the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)?
Serum creatinine levels
Which of the following statements about urea is TRUE?
Urea is reabsorbed through the tubules at a rate of 20%
A patient's plasma creatinine level is 120 μmol/L. What is the likely diagnosis?
Normal kidney function
What is the term for high plasma urea levels?
Uraemia
A patient's eGFR is 40 mL/min/1.73m2. What is the likely stage of their kidney disease?
Stage 3: Moderately impaired kidney function
What is the primary function of the glomeruli in the kidneys?
Filtration of blood
What is the primary cause of hyperkalaemia in a patient with a GFR of 5 mL/min?
K+ Retention due to reduced GFR
What is the compensatory mechanism for impaired buffering of H+ in patients with renal failure?
Alternative buffering by calcium salts
What is the primary reason for anaemia in patients with renal failure?
Impaired erythropoietin production
What is the characteristic feature of glomerular proteinuria?
Presence of high molecular weight proteins in the urine
What is the term for the abnormal amounts of low molecular mass proteins in the urine?
Overflow proteinuria
What is the normal amount of protein in the urine?
30 mg/L
What is the primary reason for the loss of large amounts of protein in the urine in nephrotic syndrome?
Damage to the glomerular basement membrane leading to increased permeability
What is the primary function of citrate in preventing renal stone formation?
Chelating calcium ions to prevent stone formation
Which of the following conditions is characterized by the presence of Bence Jones protein in the urine?
Multiple myeloma
What is the primary difference between orthostatic proteinuria and nephrotic syndrome?
The postural dependence of the proteinuria
Which of the following factors does not contribute to the formation of renal stones?
No cause
What is the primary mechanism underlying the presence of myoglobin in the urine in crush injuries?
Damage to muscle cells leading to release of myoglobin
Test your understanding of clinical biochemistry and its role in disease diagnosis, monitoring, and management. Learn about the importance of biochemical tests and how to interpret laboratory results. Assess your knowledge of the link between medical cases, abnormality causes, and biochemistry lab results.
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