Clinical Biochemistry: Diabetes Mellitus Week 7
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary characteristic of diabetes mellitus?

  • Hyperglycemia (correct)
  • Hypoglycemia
  • High insulin secretion
  • Increased energy utilization

    • Which hormone is secreted by the α cells of the Islets of Langerhans?

  • Glucagon (correct)
  • Adiponectin
  • Leptin
  • Insulin

    • What is the primary role of insulin in the body?

  • Stimulating gluconeogenesis
  • Facilitating glucose uptake by body cells (correct)
  • Promoting glycogen breakdown
  • Increasing blood sugar levels

    • Which metabolic processes are affected by diabetes mellitus?

    <p>Protein, carbohydrate, and lipid metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common currency in the body resulting from different metabolic processes?

    <p>Glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of insulin in the liver and muscles?

    <p>Activates glycogen synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of Type I diabetes mellitus?

    <p>Autoimmune response leading to lack of insulin production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone counteracts the actions of insulin?

    <p>Glucagon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the symptoms commonly associated with diabetes mellitus?

    <p>Polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of DM occurs during pregnancy?

    <p>Gestational DM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between Type I and Type II diabetes mellitus?

    <p>The presence of autoimmune antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of anti-insulin hormones such as glucagon, corticosteroids, adrenaline, and growth hormone?

    <p>Counteracting the actions of insulin hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which metabolic abnormality is associated with diabetes mellitus and leads to increased VLDL, low HDL, and high cholesterol synthesis?

    <p>Enhanced lipolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of diabetes mellitus is primarily characterized by impaired insulin secretion and destruction of β-cells?

    <p>Type I Diabetes Mellitus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of gestational diabetes mellitus?

    <p>Occurs during pregnancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the role of insulin in glucose homeostasis?

    <p>Promotes the uptake of glucose by body cells by activating glucose channels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of diabetes mellitus?

    <p>Hyperglycemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating the liver to convert glycogen into glucose and release it into the bloodstream?

    <p>Glucagon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does diabetes mellitus affect the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins?

    <p>It impairs the absorption and utilization of dietary carbohydrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of glucagon in glucose homeostasis?

    <p>Stimulates the conversion of glycogen into glucose and its release into the bloodstream</p> Signup and view all the answers

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