Clinical Anatomy: The Tongue

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the mucous membrane on the inferior surface of the tongue?

To provide lubrication for the tongue and surrounding tissues (correct)

To house taste buds for the perception of flavors

To protect the tongue from damage during chewing

To facilitate the movement of food during swallowing

Which structure does the mucous membrane on the inferior surface of the tongue reflect to?

The hard palate

The floor of the mouth (correct)

The soft palate

The pharynx

What is the name of the fold of tissue that connects the tongue to the floor of the mouth?

Sublingual fold

Lingual tonsil

Plica fimbriata

Frenulum linguae (correct)

What is the purpose of the reflection of the mucous membrane on the inferior surface of the tongue?

To allow for greater flexibility and movement of the tongue Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures is NOT directly associated with the mucous membrane on the inferior surface of the tongue?

Palatine tonsils Signup and view all the answers

What is the defining characteristic of intrinsic tongue muscles?

They are located inside the tongue and not attached to bone. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of intrinsic tongue muscles?

They are responsible for tongue protrusion. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of intrinsic tongue muscles?

To control the shape and size of the tongue. Signup and view all the answers

How do intrinsic tongue muscles differ from extrinsic tongue muscles?

Intrinsic muscles control the tongue's shape, while extrinsic muscles control its position. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of an intrinsic tongue muscle?

Transverse lingualis Signup and view all the answers

What type of muscle comprises the tongue?

Striated muscle Signup and view all the answers

What covers the surface of the tongue?

Mucous membrane Signup and view all the answers

Which statement regarding the anatomical structure of the tongue is correct?

The tongue is a mass of striated muscle covered with mucous membrane. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the tissue type found in the tongue?

Striated muscle covered with mucous membrane Signup and view all the answers

In which academic edition is information about the tongue's structure found?

Clinical Anatomy, 9th Edition Signup and view all the answers

Which lymph nodes are primarily responsible for draining the sides of the anterior two thirds of the tongue?

Submandibular lymph nodes Signup and view all the answers

What nerve is responsible for general sensation and taste in the posterior third of the tongue?

Glossopharyngeal nerve Signup and view all the answers

Which muscles are primarily involved in the protrusion of the tongue?

Genioglossus muscles Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle group is primarily responsible for the depression of the tongue?

Hyoglossus muscles Signup and view all the answers

Which muscles are involved in the retraction of the tongue?

Styloglossus and hyoglossus muscles Signup and view all the answers

Which muscles are responsible for tongue movement?

Genioglossus, Hyoglossus, Styloglossus, Palatoglossus Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve supplies the majority of the muscles of the tongue?

Hypoglossal nerve Signup and view all the answers

What is the blood supply for the tongue?

Lingual artery, Tonsillar branch of the facial artery, Ascending pharyngeal artery Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle of the tongue is innervated by the pharyngeal nerve plexus?

Palatoglossus Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following muscles does NOT contribute to tongue movement?

Sternocleidomastoid Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

The Tongue

The tongue is a mass of striated muscle covered with mucous membrane.
The mucous membrane on the inferior surface of the tongue is reflected from the tongue to the floor of the mouth.

Muscles of the Tongue

The muscles of the tongue are divided into two types: intrinsic and extrinsic.
Intrinsic muscles are confined to the tongue and are not attached to bone, including:
- Genioglossus
- Hyoglossus
- Styloglossus
- Palatoglossus
Nerve supply:
- Hypoglossal nerve (except palatoglossus)
- Pharyngeal nerve plexus (palatoglossus)

Blood Supply and Lymph Drainage

Arterial supply:
- Lingual artery
- Tonsillar branch of the facial artery
- Ascending pharyngeal artery
Venous drainage:
- Internal jugular vein
Lymph drainage:
- Tip: Submental lymph nodes
- Sides of the anterior two thirds: Submandibular and deep cervical lymph nodes
- Posterior third: Deep cervical lymph nodes

Sensory Innervation

Anterior two thirds:
- Lingual nerve branch of mandibular division of trigeminal nerve (general sensation)
- Chorda tympani branch of the facial nerve (taste)
Posterior third:
- Glossopharyngeal nerve (general sensation and taste)

Movements of the Tongue

Protrusion: Genioglossus muscles on both sides acting together
Retraction: Styloglossus and hyoglossus muscles on both sides acting together
Depression: Hyoglossus muscles on both sides acting together
Retraction and elevation of the posterior third: Styloglossus and palatoglossus muscles on both sides acting together
Shape changes: Intrinsic muscles

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Description

This quiz covers the anatomy of the tongue, a mass of striated muscle covered with mucous membrane, based on Snell's Clinical Anatomy by regions, 9th Edition.