10 Questions
What is the main function of the sinuses in the nasal cavity?
The sinuses lighten the bone, warm the air intake, and help form sounds.
What is the labial frenum responsible for?
It attaches the inside of the lip to the mucous membrane in the anterior of the oral cavity.
What is the function of the tongue in the oral cavity?
The tongue aids in chewing, talking, and swallowing.
What is the median sulcus responsible for?
It divides the tongue's top surface into two parts.
What are the two types of papillae found on the tongue?
Circumvallate and foliate papillae.
What is the name of the bone that forms the lower jaw?
The mandible.
What is the vomer responsible for?
It forms the lower posterior part of the nasal septum and separates the nose into two chambers.
What is the philtrum?
A median groove in the center external surface of the upper lip.
What is the buccal frenum responsible for?
It attaches the inside of the cheek to the oral cavity in the premolar-molar area.
What is the lingual frenum responsible for?
It attaches the lower side of the tongue to the floor membrane.
Study Notes
Papillae on the Tongue
- Filiform papillae: smallest papillae, cover the entire dorsal aspect of the tongue, do not sense taste
- Fungiform papillae: small, dark red papillae, sense sweet, sour, and salty tastes, located on the middle and anterior dorsal surface and along the sides of the tongue
Palate Structures
- The palate or roof of the mouth has two main divisions: hard palate and soft palate
- Hard palate: composed of palatine processes of maxillae bones, covered with mucous membrane, features include rugae, incisive papilla, and palatine raphe
- Soft palate: flexible portion of the palate without bone, movable, closes off the nasal passage during swallowing
Landmarks and Features of the Mandible
- The mandible is the only movable bone in the skull, strongest bone in the face
- Seven major anatomical parts: ramus, angle of the mandible, sigmoid notch, condyle and coronoid processes, external and internal oblique ridge, symphysis (mental protuberance), and mental foramen
Salivary Glands
- Salivary glands supply secretions to the oral cavity, protecting the lining of the mouth, helping to moisten food, and assisting in speech
- Major salivary glands: parotid, submandibular, and sublingual
Muscles of Mastication
- Mastication is the process of grinding food by teeth to break down into small pieces for swallowing
- Four major muscles of mastication: temporal, masseter, internal pterygoid, and external pterygoid
- Each muscle performs a specific function: elevating and lowering the jaw, closing the mouth, raising the mandible, and opening the jaw
Muscles of Facial Expression
- Orbicularis oris: circular muscle surrounding the mouth, compacts, compresses, and protrudes the lips
- Buccinator: principal cheek muscle, compresses the cheek, expels air through the lips, and aids in food mastication
- Mentalis: muscle of the chin, moves the chin tissue, and raises or lowers the lower lip
Nerves of the Head and Neck
- 12 pairs of cranial nerves in the head
- Muscle movement and sensations are accomplished by nerves, the communication lines to the brain
Sinus
- A sinus is an air pocket or cavity in a bone that lightens the bone, warms the air intake, and helps form sounds
- Four accessory paranasal sinuses: frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, and maxillary
Important Structures in the Oral Cavity
- Labia: lips, or labia, have several sections or divisions: superior oris, inferior oris, labial commissure, vermillion border, and philtrum
- Frenum: triangular piece of tissue that attaches the tongue, lip, and cheek to the oral membrane
- Tongue: strong muscular organ that aids in chewing, talking, and swallowing, has papillae or taste buds situated on the dorsal surface
This quiz covers the structure and function of the tongue and palate, including papillae and taste sensations.
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