Clindamycin Side Effects and Contraindications

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Questions and Answers

Which antibiotic is contraindicated in pediatric patients younger than one year of age due to its likely effects on the muscular and neuromuscular systems?

Clindamycin

Metronidazole

Gentamicin

Daptomycin (correct)

What is the mechanism of action of Metronidazole?

Inhibiting cell wall synthesis

Inhibiting protein synthesis by interacting with DNA (correct)

Inhibiting bacterial topoisomerase

Inhibiting bacterial DNA gyrase

What is the spectrum of activity of Daptomycin?

Gram-negative bacteria

Fungi

Anaerobic bacteria and protozoa

Gram-positive bacteria including MRSA (correct)

What is a common side effect of Metronidazole?

Metallic taste Signup and view all the answers

Why is Daptomycin not recommended for the treatment of pneumonia?

Pulmonary surfactant inactivates Daptomycin Signup and view all the answers

What type of organisms is Metronidazole effective against?

Anaerobic bacteria and protozoa Signup and view all the answers

What is a contraindication for Daptomycin use?

Pediatric patients younger than one year of age Signup and view all the answers

What is a common use of Metronidazole?

Treatment of diarrhea due to intestinal ameobiases Signup and view all the answers

What is a major contraindication for the use of Quinolones in certain populations?

Pregnant women and children Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of Quinolones?

They have a broad spectrum of activity Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of Quinolones?

Inhibiting DNA synthesis Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotic is primarily used for the treatment and prevention of tuberculosis?

Rifampin Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant side effect concern for Quinolones in pediatric populations?

Permanent damage to growing cartilage Signup and view all the answers

Which generation of Quinolones includes Moxifloxacin?

Fourth generation Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary route of administration for Rifampin?

Oral Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical treatment duration for TB using Rifampin and other antibiotics?

6 months Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary adverse effect of clindamycin with oral administration?

Pseudomembranous colitis Signup and view all the answers

What is the target of Chloramphenicol in protein synthesis?

50S subunit ribosome Signup and view all the answers

What is the main use of Chloramphenicol in the United States?

Alternative treatment for typhoid Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotic is contraindicated in patients with a history of pseudomembranous colitis?

Clindamycin Signup and view all the answers

What is the spectrum of activity of Quinolones?

Gram negative bacteria Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotic is active against many types of Gram positive bacteria, especially staphylococci?

Fusidic acid Signup and view all the answers

What is the common side effect of intravaginal administration of antibiotics?

Vaginal candidiasis Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotic is used to treat eye infections such as conjunctivitis?

Chloramphenicol Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Clindamycin

Administered intravaginally, with common side effects including vaginal candidiasis and suprainfection
When taken orally, primary adverse effects include pseudomembranous colitis, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea
Contraindicated in patients with a history of pseudomembranous colitis

Chloramphenicol

Administered orally, intravenously, and topically (ocular and ear preparations)
Effective against conjunctivitis and ear infections, and as an alternative for meningitis and typhoid treatment
Causes bone marrow damage, and its use is limited in the United States due to risks

Fusidic

Administered topically, ocularly, orally, and intravenously
Active against Gram-positive bacteria, especially staphylococci, but less effective against streptococci
Used for skin and eye bacterial infections, often combined with a steroid in creams

Quinolones

Includes examples such as Ciprofloxacin, Ofloxacin, Sparfloxacin, and Moxifloxacin
Active against Gram-positive bacteria, including MRSA
Effective in treating diabetic foot infections and Prosthetic joint infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria

Daptomycin

Contraindicated in pneumonia treatment due to inactivation by pulmonary surfactant
Not recommended for pediatric patients under one year old due to potential effects on muscular and neuromuscular systems
Side effects include myopathy

Metronidazole

Mechanism of action involves protein synthesis inhibition by interacting with DNA and causing cell death
Active against anaerobic bacteria, protozoa, and effective in treating diarrhea, trichomoniasis, and amoebiasis
Side effects include metallic taste, confusion, and potential superinfection with fungal or bacterial growth

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Description

This quiz covers the common side effects and contraindications of clindamycin, including pseudomembranous colitis and Clostridium difficile overgrowth.