Climate of India: Seasons and Factors
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India has a climatic contrast because it has places like Leh where temperature drops down to ______ degree in winter and goes as high as 55 degrees in western Deserts during summer.

-45

What is the latitude range of India?

8 degrees 4 minutes north to 37 degrees 6 minutes north

What are the two main factors that influence the climate of India?

  • Altitude and Relief
  • Latitude and Altitude
  • Latitude and Relief
  • Latitude, Altitude, and Relief (correct)

    • The Himalayas prevent cold Siberian winds from reaching the Indian subcontinent.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for higher rainfall in coastal regions compared to inland areas?

    <p>The influence of the sea.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following places are located along the coast of India?

    <p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Higher altitude results in lower temperatures.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Western Ghats running parallel along the western coastal plain forces the moist south-west monsoon winds from the Arabian Sea to shed most of its moisture along the ______ slope.

    <p>western</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are the four seasons of India?

    <p>Cold weather, Hot Dry, Advancing Monsoon, Retreating Monsoon (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the period for the cold weather season in India?

    <p>December to February</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The temperature in the northern part of India drops below 21 degrees Celsius during the cold weather season.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The areas below the tropic of Cancer remain warm during the cold weather season.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for the formation of high pressure over the land during the winter season?

    <p>Low temperature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes the off-shore winds to blow towards the Bay of Bengal during the winter season?

    <p>The difference in pressure between the land and the sea.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of India receives heavy rainfall during the winter season due to the Northeast monsoon winds?

    <p>Coromandel Coast in Tamil Nadu.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Rainfall in North-West India during the winter season is primarily due to the influence of western disturbances.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The hot dry season in India occurs from March to May.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the high temperature during the hot dry season?

    <p>The sun shines overhead the tropic of cancer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the temperature range in the northern and north-western parts of India during the hot dry season?

    <p>45 to 50 degrees Celsius.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The direction of the moisture carrying winds during the hot dry season changes from south-east to north-east.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the other name for Kali Baisakhi?

    <p>Norwesters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Loo is a hot, dusty wind that blows in the northern plains of India during the months of May and June.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mango showers occur in the southern parts of India during April and May, contributing to the growth of mango, tea, and coffee plants.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the period for the rainy season or the season of the South-West Monsoon in India?

    <p>June to September.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors influence the distribution of rainfall during the monsoon season?

    <p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The southwest monsoon winds originate in the Bay of Bengal.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of India experiences the first arrival of the southwest monsoon winds?

    <p>The Malabar Coast of Kerala.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Arabian Sea branch of the southwest monsoon causes more rainfall in Rajasthan compared to the Bay of Bengal branch.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Bay of Bengal branch of the southwest monsoon brings rainfall first to the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The southwest monsoon winds do not directly affect the northern-most parts of India.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The retreating southwest monsoon season in India lasts from October to November.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Tropical cyclones are more common over the Arabian Sea than the Bay of Bengal.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The retreating monsoon winds bring rainfall to Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The high humidity and high temperatures during the month of October are often referred to as 'October Heat'.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The retreat of the southwest monsoon from mainland India is caused by the weakened low pressure in central India.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor that determines the amount of rainfall during the retreating monsoon season?

    <p>Direction of moisture laden winds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following regions receives more than 200 cm of rainfall annually?

    <p>Garo-Khasi hills (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Central Deccan region receives less than 50 cm of rainfall annually.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ______ is the sum of all rainfall values in 12 months.

    <p>Annual Rainfall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A high temperature range indicates an equable climate.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Climatic Contrast in India

    Wide range of temperatures and precipitation levels in India, from -45°C to 55°C.

    Latitude's Role

    India lies between 8°N to 37°N, affecting its temperature zones.

    Himalayas Influence

    Protect India from cold Siberian winds and block monsoon winds, causing heavy rainfall in the northern plains.

    Distance from the Sea

    Coastal regions have moderate climates; inland areas experience extremes.

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    Altitude's Impact

    Higher altitudes lead to cooler temperatures, as seen in hill stations.

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    Relief Features

    Western Ghats influence rainfall patterns by forcing monsoon winds to lose moisture.

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    Cold Weather Season

    December to February; features low temperatures and dry conditions.

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    Hot Dry Season

    March to May; marked by extreme heat and dry winds.

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    Kali Baisakhi

    Local winds in Bengal that bring thunderstorms and rainfall in April/May.

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    Loo Winds

    Hot, dry winds in May and June affecting the northern plains.

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    Mango Showers

    Pre-monsoon showers in southern India that aid mango growth.

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    South-West Monsoon

    Main rainy season from June to September, not uniform in distribution.

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    Advance of Monsoon

    Starts in Kerala first and spreads to other parts of India.

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    Arabian Sea Branch

    Heavy rains along Western Ghats; little rainfall in Rajasthan due to geography.

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    Bay of Bengal Branch

    Brings rain to northeastern states and heavy rain in Meghalaya.

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    Retreating South-West Monsoon

    October-November shift from rain to dry conditions, leading to 'October Heat'.

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    Factors Affecting Rainfall

    Dependent on wind direction, relief features, and cyclonic activity.

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    Rainfall Distribution

    Varied precipitation across India; ranges from heavy in the northeast to arid in the west.

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    Annual Rainfall Calculation

    Total precipitation measured over the year.

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    Average Rainfall

    Total rainfall divided by 12 months.

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    Meghalaya Rainfall

    Mawsynram in Meghalaya receives the highest rainfall in the world.

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    Ganga Valley Rainfall

    Receives 100-200 cm of rainfall, essential for agriculture.

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    Rain Shadow Effect

    Leeward side of mountains gets little rainfall due to moisture lost on windward side.

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    Western Rajasthan

    Area receives less than 50 cm of rainfall; arid conditions dominate.

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    High Pressure in Summer

    Summer heat causes low pressure over land and high pressure over seas, affecting wind patterns.

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    Seasonal Changes

    Four distinct seasons in India affect temperature and rainfall.

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    Temperature Range

    Difference between maximum and minimum temperatures in a region.

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    Extremes of Temperature

    India experiences both high and low temperatures, leading to diverse climates.

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    Tropical Cyclones

    Occur over Bay of Bengal during retreating monsoon, can cause damage.

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    Importance of Rainfall

    Critical for agriculture, affects food supply and economic conditions.

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    Study Notes

    Climate of India

    • India has a diverse climate due to its location between 8°4'N and 37°6'N latitude, crossing the Tropic of Cancer.
    • Factors influencing Indian climate include latitude, Himalayas, distance from the sea, and altitude.
    • Latitude: India's location between the tropics and high altitudes leads to varied temperatures across regions.
    • Himalayas: They act as a barrier to cold Siberian winds and affect rainfall patterns.
    • Distance from the sea: Coastal regions have a moderate climate, while inland regions exhibit greater temperature variations.
    • Altitude: Higher altitudes correspond to lower temperatures.

    Four Seasons in India

    • Cold weather season (December-February): Characterized by clear skies, low temperatures, and low humidity.
    • Hot dry season (March-May): High temperatures and low humidity, especially in northern areas.
    • Southwest monsoon season (June-September): Characterized by high rainfall.
    • Northeast monsoon season (October-November): Characterized by retreating monsoon winds and lesser rainfall.

    Detailed Climate Conditions

    • Cold weather season (December-February): Northern India experiences temperatures below 21°C, while the south remains warmer, above 25°C. The coldest place recorded in India is below-45°C.
    • Hot dry season (March-May): Temperatures in northern parts of India reach 45-50°C, while coastal regions experience temperatures between 38-40°C.
    • Southwest monsoon season (June-September): The southwestern monsoon brings heavy rainfall to the plains, particularly in coastal and western parts of the country, causing rainfall of 50cm or more. This high rainfall can cause flooding.
    • Northeast monsoon season (October-November): Retreating monsoon winds bring some rainfall to the eastern parts of India, and the northern plains, while reducing rainfall in the south.

    Rainfall Patterns

    • Rainfall distribution in India is not uniform, with variations due to factors such as topography, altitude, and proximity to water bodies. The Western Ghats obstruct the southwest monsoon, causing higher rainfall on the windward side.
    • Rainfall amount varies widely across regions, from areas receiving over 200 cm per year to those with less than 50 cm.
    • The Arabian Sea branch of the southwest monsoon brings significantly more rainfall than the Bay of Bengal branch due to the larger size of the Arabian Sea and its influence on the entire country. This branch progresses and causes decreasing precipitation amount as it moves northward. The Bay of Bengal branch impacts the northeast states.

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