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Questions and Answers
What is the expected increase in mean temperature by the year 2100 due to climate change?
What is the expected increase in mean temperature by the year 2100 due to climate change?
- 4°C (correct)
- 2°C
- 8°C
- 6°C
Which of the following is NOT a consequence of climate change mentioned in the document?
Which of the following is NOT a consequence of climate change mentioned in the document?
- High groundwater salinity
- Increased agricultural productivity (correct)
- Higher land stress
- Sea-level rise of 1m
What is identified as essential for agriculture due to climate change impacts?
What is identified as essential for agriculture due to climate change impacts?
- Pesticides
- Fertilizers
- Crop rotation
- Irrigation (correct)
What kind of management does Integrated Water Resource Development & Management (IWRDM) focus on?
What kind of management does Integrated Water Resource Development & Management (IWRDM) focus on?
What is the anticipated effect on flood levels by the year 2100 as a result of climate change?
What is the anticipated effect on flood levels by the year 2100 as a result of climate change?
Which problem is associated with the increase in sea levels?
Which problem is associated with the increase in sea levels?
What challenge does climate change pose to water management?
What challenge does climate change pose to water management?
What approach is suggested to address both deficit and surplus in water resources?
What approach is suggested to address both deficit and surplus in water resources?
What impact does changing one part of the hydrological system have?
What impact does changing one part of the hydrological system have?
Which of the following is NOT a sustainable solution for the hydrological system?
Which of the following is NOT a sustainable solution for the hydrological system?
What characteristic defines conventional drainage networks?
What characteristic defines conventional drainage networks?
What is one example of a progressive solution for river management?
What is one example of a progressive solution for river management?
Which technological development can improve the planning of the hydrological system?
Which technological development can improve the planning of the hydrological system?
What negative effect results from surface retention loss in hydrology?
What negative effect results from surface retention loss in hydrology?
What is one way to save urban land in hydrological planning?
What is one way to save urban land in hydrological planning?
Which of the following actions contributes to the degradation of the hydrological system?
Which of the following actions contributes to the degradation of the hydrological system?
What does TFR stand for in the context of population development?
What does TFR stand for in the context of population development?
By what year did India's TFR improve to 2.1?
By what year did India's TFR improve to 2.1?
Which state had the lowest TFR mentioned in the content?
Which state had the lowest TFR mentioned in the content?
What is one of the main focuses of the proposed reforms in the Water Resource Sector?
What is one of the main focuses of the proposed reforms in the Water Resource Sector?
What type of planning is associated with the river basin level in water resource management?
What type of planning is associated with the river basin level in water resource management?
What does compartmentalization of sources in water resource management imply?
What does compartmentalization of sources in water resource management imply?
What is indicated by the replacement levels of TFR in the states mentioned?
What is indicated by the replacement levels of TFR in the states mentioned?
What system is suggested to be created for better management of water resources?
What system is suggested to be created for better management of water resources?
Which sector is focused on the management of ground water health?
Which sector is focused on the management of ground water health?
What is an essential aspect of the Dynamics of 4S?
What is an essential aspect of the Dynamics of 4S?
What role does the monitoring map play in watershed management?
What role does the monitoring map play in watershed management?
What is emphasized under the 'zone of reforms' in water management?
What is emphasized under the 'zone of reforms' in water management?
Which component is essential for ensuring the correctness of the water management process?
Which component is essential for ensuring the correctness of the water management process?
What is the main purpose of integrating different sources at the watershed level?
What is the main purpose of integrating different sources at the watershed level?
Which of the following best describes the role of the Water Reserves Company?
Which of the following best describes the role of the Water Reserves Company?
What is a significant action indicated as coupled with the development of land uses?
What is a significant action indicated as coupled with the development of land uses?
Which organizational structure is evident in the state level institutional arrangement?
Which organizational structure is evident in the state level institutional arrangement?
Which of the following is NOT a component of the governance model suggested?
Which of the following is NOT a component of the governance model suggested?
What is a key challenge highlighted within state institutions regarding water management?
What is a key challenge highlighted within state institutions regarding water management?
Which statement reflects the relationship between land and water management?
Which statement reflects the relationship between land and water management?
What does aligning with organizational objectives imply for water utilities?
What does aligning with organizational objectives imply for water utilities?
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Study Notes
Climate Change Impact on Water Resources
- Climate change is impacting water resources by increasing the frequency of extreme weather events.
- By 2100, the global mean temperature is projected to rise by 4 degrees Celsius, resulting in increased water deficit and surplus challenges.
- Increased temperatures will lead to higher farm stress and an increased need for irrigation.
- Sea-level rise of 1 meter by 2100 will increase land stress, elevate flood levels, increase groundwater salinity, and shift brackish water extent.
Solutions for Water Resources Management
- Solutions for water resources management focus on land and water use.
- Integrated water resource development and management (IWRDM) is crucial to address water scarcity and surplus issues.
- IWRDM involves a holistic approach to managing water resources, considering various sources, uses, and geographical regions.
Sustainable Solutions
- Catchment area management techniques are key to conserve water and prevent soil erosion.
- Drainage network improvements are essential for efficient water management, including using progressive drainage systems.
- River management strategies include preventing encroachment of floodplains, minimizing obstructions, and promoting the responsible use of floodplains.
- Dam operations and controlled flooding can be used for water management.
Technological Advancements
- Technological advancements like micro-irrigation, solar power, remote sensing, and mathematical modeling can improve water management efficiency and emergency response.
Way Ahead
- Continued investment in population stabilization measures and lowering the total fertility rate (TFR) will be essential to sustainable water management.
- Focus on climate-change driven development is crucial for adapting to future water challenges.
- Water resource sector reforms are necessary to address emerging challenges.
Revamping the Basic Algorithm
- Revamping water management strategies involves four key aspects:
- State-level planning: Developing water resources plans
- River basin-part level planning: Focusing on specific river basins
- Varied land and water-related interventions: Implementing a range of measures to manage water resources
- Compartmentalization of sources and uses: Analyzing water sources and their uses across different regions.
Creating Area-based Data System
- A comprehensive data system is needed for water resource management. This data system should:
- Use watersheds as the primary building blocks for analysis.
- Integrate data from various sources and levels, including aggregated data.
- Integrate data from different water uses.
- Coordinate development and management efforts across different regions.
State Level Institutional Restructuring
- A three-tier institutional arrangement at the state level is proposed, involving:
- Water Reserves Company (WRC): Managing water reserves
- Water Transmission Company (WTC): Facilitating water transmission
- Water Utilities Company (WUC): Providing water utilities
Sector Coverage
- A comprehensive approach is needed for managing water resources across different sectors, including:
- Participatory Management: involving stakeholders
- Social Health: Addressing socio-economic aspects of water management
- Ground Water Health: Protecting and managing groundwater resources
- River Water Health: Ensuring the health of rivers
- Other Water Bodies Health: Managing other water bodies
- Pollution Abatement: Reducing water pollution.
- Water Education: Promoting awareness and knowledge about water.
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