Climate Change and the IPCC Report
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Questions and Answers

According to the IPCC report, which of the following is considered the primary cause of climate change?

  • Increased volcanic activity
  • Natural variations in Earth's orbit
  • Human activities, particularly fossil fuel use (correct)
  • Fluctuations in solar radiation

The IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) reported that the average sea level decreased during the 20th century.

False (B)

By how much did the average global temperature rise during the 20th century, according to the IPCC report?

1.0°F

According to the IPCC, coral reefs are undergoing more frequent '______' due to ocean acidity.

<p>bleaching</p> Signup and view all the answers

The northern hemisphere saw its greatest temperature increase in 1,000 years during which time period?

<p>1900s (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The IPCC has definitively stated that it fully understands how anthropogenic and natural factors interact to influence climate change, thus future climate predictions are certain.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between weather and climate?

<p>Weather refers to short-term atmospheric conditions, while climate refers to long-term patterns. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The zigzag pattern in the graph of carbon dioxide levels since 1958 is solely due to measurement errors.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name two primary causes for the increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide levels.

<p>Burning of fossil fuels and deforestation</p> Signup and view all the answers

The removal of carbon-rich fuels from the ground and burning them is called the burning of ______.

<p>fossil fuels</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following orbital variations with their descriptions:

<p>Variation of Earth’s tilt = Changes in the angle of Earth's axis of rotation. Variation of Earth’s orbit = Alterations in the shape of Earth's path around the Sun. Wobble of Earth’s axis = Precession; a cyclical change in the orientation of Earth's axis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to warm waters in the Pacific Ocean during normal conditions (i.e., not during El Niño or La Niña)?

<p>They are pushed to the western Pacific Ocean. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the relationship between deforestation and atmospheric carbon dioxide?

<p>Deforestation increases atmospheric carbon dioxide by releasing stored carbon and reducing carbon uptake. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of an El Niño event on ocean temperatures?

<p>Weakens winds, causing warm water to slosh to the east and preventing cold upwelling. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

La Niña events are characterized by warmer than average waters spreading east across the Pacific Ocean.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Consider a scenario where the Earth's tilt on its axis drastically decreases. Which of these outcomes is most likely, assuming no other variables change drastically?

<p>Less extreme seasonal contrasts due to smaller solar angle variations. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If all deforestation ceased immediately and reforestation efforts doubled globally, atmospheric carbon dioxide levels would instantly revert to pre-industrial levels.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of environmental events do El Niño and La Niña influence globally?

<p>rainfall and temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

Scientists analyze bubbles of gas preserved in ____ to study past climates.

<p>Ice cores</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the climate study method with what it analyzes:

<p>Ice cores = Trapped gasses in ice Pollen analysis = Sediments of ancient lake beds Thermometers = Direct temperature measurements</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the 2001 IPCC report primarily establish?

<p>Global temperature is rising, as demonstrated by direct measurements from thermometers since 1860. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The IPCC report only considered direct measurements from thermometers and disregarded proxy indicators of temperature.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Besides direct thermometer readings, name one other method scientists use to determine past temperatures.

<p>pollen analysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

The IPCC's Third Assessment Report summarized scientific data on climate change, future predictions, and possible ____.

<p>impacts</p> Signup and view all the answers

Insanely Difficult: Which organization published The Third Assessment Report, a comprehensive summary on climate change?

<p>The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Weather

Local, short-term physical properties of the troposphere, including temperature, pressure, humidity, cloudiness, and wind.

Climate

Long-term patterns of atmospheric conditions across large geographic regions (seasons, years, millennia).

Direct CO2 sampling

Continuous recordings of atmospheric carbon dioxide levels collected since 1958.

Causes of CO2 increase

The burning of fossil fuels and deforestation.

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Earth's orbital cycles

Variation of Earth’s tilt, variation of Earth’s orbit, and wobble of Earth’s axis.

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El Niño and La Niña

Interactions between oceans and climate.

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Normal Pacific conditions

Prevailing winds push warm waters to the western Pacific Ocean.

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What does weather include?

The local physical properties of the troposphere.

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What causes carbon dioxide increase?

The result of removing carbon-rich fuels from the ground and combusting them, releasing CO2 into the atmosphere; also the cutting down of trees.

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20th Century Temperature Change

Rose 1.0°F during the 20th century, with the 1990s being the warmest decade in the past 1,000 years.

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20th Century Sea Level Rise

Increased 4–8 inches during the 20th century.

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Arctic Sea Ice Changes

Thinned 10–40% in recent decades.

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Snow Cover Changes

Decreased 10% since satellite observations began.

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Species Geographic Range Shifts

Shifted toward the poles and up in elevation.

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Main Cause of Climate Change (IPCC)

Rising greenhouse gas levels from human activities, especially fossil fuel use.

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El Niño

A climate pattern where weakened winds cause warm water to move east in the Pacific, preventing cold upwelling.

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La Niña

A climate pattern that is the opposite of El Niño, characterized by unusually cold waters in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean.

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El Niño and La Niña Events

Climate events that influence rainfall and temperature around the globe, particularly on each side of the Pacific Ocean.

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Ice Cores

A method used to study past climates using trapped gases to learn about past atmospheric conditions.

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Pollen Analysis

A method used for studying past climate by analyzing the distribution and types of pollen found in sediment layers.

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IPCC

An international group of climate scientists who produce comprehensive reports on climate change.

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The Third Assessment Report by IPCC

A comprehensive summary of climate change research, data, and predictions released in 2001.

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IPCC Report Finding

Global temperature is rising.

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Proxy Indicators

Indirect pieces of evidence used to reconstruct past climate conditions, such as data from pollen and ice cores.

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