Climate Change and Environmental Impact Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Besides burning fossil fuels, what other natural events can cause shifts in weather patterns?

Changes in the sun's activity or large volcanic eruptions.

What are two examples of greenhouse gases?

CO2 and CHy.

What is one of the effects of climate change on precipitation patterns?

Changing precipitation patterns.

Besides extreme weather events, name two other specific effects of climate change.

<p>Rising temperatures and sea-level rise.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What has been the main driver of climate change since the 1800s?

<p>Human activities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What concept is crucial for addressing the effects of climate change?

<p>Sustainable development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name two things that are put at risk by climate change.

<p>Agriculture and food security.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name two types of pollution mentioned in the text?

<p>Air and soil</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of cooperation is necessary to address the effects of climate change?

<p>International cooperation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one effect of overpopulation on resources?

<p>It increases demand for food, water, housing, energy, healthcare, and transportation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of growth is associated with population increases?

<p>Exponential</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the projected global population by 2100?

<p>10.8 billion</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a major cause of deforestation, as detailed in the text?

<p>Cattle ranching, soybean or palm oil plantations, or other agricultural monocultures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Approximately how much of the planet's land area was once covered by tropical forests?

<p>15 percent</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one consequence of deforestation, other than habitat loss?

<p>Degradation of remaining forests by logging or burning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by ‘carrying capacity’ in relation to overpopulation?

<p>It refers to exceeding the Earth's ability to sustainably support the existing human population.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of living sustainably, based on the text?

<p>Living off natural resources without depleting or degrading the natural capital.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define natural capital, according to the text.

<p>Earth's natural resources that provide natural income.</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to this document, what is the most scarce resource?

<p>Time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of a population, according to the text, can bring about changes to a society?

<p>5-10%.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the average proportion of people living below the poverty line in ASEAN countries in 2018?

<p>13 per 100 people</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Rogers et al. (1997), what are the three pillars of sustainability?

<p>Economic, ecological, and social-cultural.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the 'ecological' pillar of sustainability?

<p>Maintaining resilience and robustness of biological and physical systems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name three components of the 'environment' pillar of sustainability.

<p>Biodiversity, materials, and energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the World Commission on Environment and Development (1987), what is a key aspect of the 'economic' pillar of sustainability?

<p>Maximizing income while maintaining a constant or increasing stock of capital.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does maintaining stability of social and cultural systems mean for the 'social-cultural' pillar?

<p>Ensuring the long term stability and health of society and its cultural aspects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some of the key elements under the 'society' pillar of sustainability?

<p>Human diversity, equity, quality of life, institutional structures, and political structures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What three main factors have sustained life on Earth for billions of years?

<p>Solar energy, biodiversity, and chemical cycling.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Besides providing energy for photosynthesis, what is another role of solar energy?

<p>Warms the earth, powers winds, and the hydrologic cycle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does biodiversity contribute to the sustainability of ecosystems?

<p>Provides ecosystem services and adaptability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name two ways that biodiversity renews the environment.

<p>Renew soil and purify air and water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between a renewable and a nonrenewable resource?

<p>Renewable resources are replenished by natural processes within a sustainable yield, while nonrenewable resources exist in fixed quantities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Provide an example of an inexhaustible resource.

<p>Sunlight is an example of an inexhaustible resource.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by the term 'sustainable yield' in relation to renewable resources?

<p>Sustainable yield refers to the highest rate at which a renewable resource can be used without depleting its supply.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define 'environmental degradation' in the context of resource use.

<p>Environmental degradation occurs when the rate of resource use exceeds the natural replacement rate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are two examples of natural services provided by the environment?

<p>The purification of air and water, and nutrient cycling are two examples of natural services.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three main strategies for sustainable resource use?

<p>The three main strategies are reduce, reuse, and recycle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between natural capital, natural resources, and ecosystem services?

<p>Natural capital is the sum of natural resources and ecosystem services.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name two examples of nonrenewable natural resources.

<p>Minerals and fossil fuels are examples of nonrenewable natural resources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the role of decomposition in nutrient cycling.

<p>Decomposition breaks down dead organic matter into inorganic matter, making nutrients available to the environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between reusing and recycling?

<p>Reusing is using something in the same form, while recycling involves reprocessing an item.</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the report, what was the approximate percentage increase in renewable energy share in total energy consumption in ASEAN between 2016 and 2020?

<p>Approximately 1%</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which two ASEAN countries had the highest share of renewable energy sources according to the 2022 report?

<p>Philippines and Vietnam</p> Signup and view all the answers

Based on the provided data, what conclusion can be drawn about the change in the percentage of renewable energy use in ASEAN countries between 2016 and 2020?

<p>The change was very small or negligable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the lack of significant change in renewable energy share in ASEAN between 2016 and 2020 indicate about the region’s energy transition?

<p>The energy transition is slow.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What specific type of data does this report primarily focus on, relating to sustainable development goals within ASEAN?

<p>Energy consumption data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Overpopulation

The total number of people living on Earth exceeding the Earth's ability to support them sustainably.

Population Growth

The rapid increase in the number of people living on Earth.

Carrying Capacity

The ability of a planet to support a certain population, considering available resources like food, water, and space.

Deforestation

The process of clearing forests to convert land for other uses, such as agriculture or development.

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Monoculture

The practice of growing a single type of crop over a large area.

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Species-Rich Forests

Forests that are home to a wide variety of plant and animal species.

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Habitat

The natural environment where a species lives and finds its food and shelter.

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Habitat Loss

The destruction of habitats, leading to loss of biodiversity.

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Climate Change

Long-term shifts in temperatures and weather patterns.

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Greenhouse Gases

Gases like carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide trap heat in the atmosphere, causing a warming effect.

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Fossil Fuel Emissions

Burning fossil fuels like coal, oil, and gas releases greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, contributing to climate change.

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Effects of Climate Change

Extreme weather events, rising temperatures, sea level rise, and changes in precipitation patterns are all consequences of climate change.

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Climate Change Mitigation

Reducing greenhouse gas emissions by shifting to renewable energy sources and adopting sustainable practices.

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Climate Change Adaptation

Adapting to the effects of climate change, such as building seawalls to protect coastal areas.

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Sustainability

A way of living that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

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Sustainable Development

Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

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Resilience

The ability of a system to withstand disturbances and maintain its essential functions.

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Robustness

The ability of a system to adapt to changing conditions and remain healthy and productive.

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Three Pillars of Sustainability

A model for sustainable development that emphasizes three interconnected components: economic, ecological, and social-cultural.

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Economic Sustainability

The ability of a system to maintain its capital stock over time, while maximizing income.

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Ecological Sustainability

The ability of a system to maintain the health and resilience of its natural resources.

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Social-cultural Sustainability

The ability of a system to maintain the stability and well-being of its social structures.

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Biodiversity

The variety of life on Earth, including all living organisms and their ecosystems.

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Adaptability

The ability of a system to adapt to change and remain healthy over time.

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Chemical Cycling

The process by which natural resources are used and replenished in a sustainable way.

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Natural capital

Natural resources that provide benefits to humans, such as clean air and water, fertile soil, and biodiversity.

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Environmental Sustainability

The concept of using natural resources without causing long-term damage to the environment that provides them.

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Living Off Natural Income

A sustainable lifestyle relies on consuming only the natural resources that can be replenished within a reasonable timeframe.

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Natural Income

The amount of resources that a natural system (like a forest or ocean) can produce on a continuous basis.

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Time As a Scarce Resource

Although many degraded ecosystems can recover, it may take centuries, highlighting the urgency of sustainable practices.

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Renewable Energy Share

The percentage of energy derived from renewable sources, such as solar, wind, and hydro, compared to the total energy consumption in a region.

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Renewable Energy Growth

The increase in the use of renewable energy sources in a region over a period of time.

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ASEAN Leaders in Renewable Energy

The countries in Southeast Asia that have the highest percentage of renewable energy in their energy mix.

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Fossil Fuel Dependence

This term refers to the continued reliance on fossil fuels, which are finite resources and contribute to climate change.

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Renewable Energy Transition

Strategies and actions to increase the use of renewable energy sources in ASEAN.

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Resource

Anything we obtain from the environment for use, whether readily available or requiring technology to acquire.

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Sustainable Resource Use

Resource management practices aimed at minimizing environmental impact and maintaining resource availability for future generations.

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Inexhaustible Resource

A resource that is constantly renewed by natural processes, like sunlight or wind.

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Renewable Resource

A resource that can be replenished by natural processes within a reasonable time frame, like forests or fish populations.

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Nonrenewable Resource

A resource that exists in fixed quantities and takes a very long time to replenish, like fossil fuels or minerals.

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Sustainable Yield

The maximum amount of a resource that can be harvested or used without depleting the resource or causing harm to its ecosystem.

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Environmental Degradation

The depletion or degradation of a resource due to overuse or unsustainable practices.

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Natural Services

The benefits that humans derive from natural processes, such as clean air, water purification, and nutrient cycling.

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Decomposition

The process of breaking down dead organic matter into simpler substances, releasing nutrients back into the environment.

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Study Notes

Lecture 1 - Environment and Sustainability

  • Professor: Dr. Sandhya Babel
  • Institution: School of Bio-Chemical Engineering & Technology, Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology, Thammasat University

Current Global Environmental Issues

  • Global Warming: A significant issue, needing further investigation.
  • Acid Rains: Formed by the reaction of different gases (SO2, NOx, etc.) with water vapor in the atmosphere.
  • Ozone Depletion: A significant concern, requiring further study.
  • Waste Disposal: A global problem needing effective solutions.
  • Air Pollution: Various pollutants contribute to this issue.
  • Natural Resource Depletion: Resources are being depleted at an alarming rate.
  • Water Pollution: Harmful substances contaminate water sources.
  • Destruction of Forests: Forests are being destroyed at a concerning rate.
  • Overpopulation: The global population is increasing at an unsustainable rate.

Public Health Issues

  • Acid Rain
  • Ozone Layer Depletion
  • Deforestation
  • Loss of Biodiversity
  • Ocean Acidification
  • Waste Disposal
  • Overpopulation
  • Global Warming
  • Pollution (air, soil)

Global Environmental Issues - Overpopulation

  • Overpopulation: The human population exceeds Earth's carrying capacity
  • Population Growth: Rapid growth in the last 50 years
  • Future Projections: By 2100, the global population is projected to reach 10.8 billion
  • Resource Strain: Overpopulation stresses resources, leading to higher demands
  • Ecological Degradation: Consumption contributes to environmental degradation
  • Conflicts & Disasters: Conflicts and disasters, like pandemics, are consequences.

Global Environmental Issues - Deforestation

  • Species Loss: Extensive destruction of species-rich wild forests, especially in the tropics
  • Reasons: Cattle ranching, soybean or palm oil plantations, and agricultural monocultures
  • Rate of Destruction: About 7.3 million hectares per year, mostly in the tropics
  • Forest Coverage: Tropical forests now cover 6-7% of the planet, with significant degradation.
  • Methods: Logging and burning are primary causes.

Global Environmental Issues - Water Pollution

  • Contamination: Harmful substances (chemicals and microorganisms) contaminate water bodies.
  • Sources: Industrial discharges, agricultural runoff, municipal sewage, accidental oil spills, and mining.
  • Impacts: Degrades water quality, renders water toxic to humans and the environment

Global Environmental Issues - Waste

  • Waste Management: A key global concern, related to the accumulation and improper disposal of various wastes.
  • Causes: Rapid population growth, urbanization, industrial activities, consumerism, and inadequate waste management infrastructure.
  • Impacts: Increased waste generation, concentration in urban areas, hazardous industrial waste, excessive consumption, and poor disposal practices.

Global Environmental Issues - Air Pollution & Climate Change

  • Causes: Burning fossil fuels, deforestation, and industrial activities
  • Atmospheric CO2: Concentrations have increased from 280 ppm to approximately 400 ppm.
  • The Effect: Climate change (long-term shifts in temperatures and weather patterns) is primarily caused by human activity (burning fossil fuels after 1800s)
  • Impacts: Extreme weather events, rising temperatures, sea-level rise, changing precipitation patterns, disruptions to ecosystems, risks to agriculture & food security, and health impacts.

Sustainability & Sustainable Development

  • Definition of Sustainability: The ability of the Earth's various natural systems and human cultural systems and economies to survive and adapt to changing environmental conditions over the long term.
  • Origin: Forestry, fisheries, and groundwater management initially focused on concepts of maximum sustainable cut, maximum sustainable yield, and maximum sustainable pumping rate.
  • Practical Applications: Examples relate to the amount of harvest/removal of finite resources that can be done now without reducing or diminishing future yields.

Pillars of Sustainability

  • Environmental: A viable natural environment, sustainable natural and built environment
  • Economic: Maximizing income while maintaining a constant or increasing stock of capital. Maintaining resilience and robustness of biological and physical systems (ecological). Maintaining stability of social-cultural systems
  • Social: Nurturing a community, equitable social environment, and sufficient economy

Pillars of Sustainability - Environment

  • Biodiversity
  • Materials
  • Energy
  • Biophysical Interactions

Pillars of Sustainability - Economy

  • Money and capital
  • Employment
  • Technological Growth
  • Investment
  • Market Forces

Pillars of Sustainability - Society

  • Human diversity
  • Equity
  • Quality of Life
  • Institutional Structures
  • Political Structures

Principles of Sustainability

  • Life on Earth: Sustained by solar energy, biodiversity, and chemical cycling. Dependant on the sun and natural capital.
  • Solar Energy: Warms the earth, provides energy for photosynthesis, powers the hydrologic cycle, and provides energy sources for conversion into electricity.
  • Biodiversity: Ecosystem services (soil renewal, air/water purification), adaptability, many ecosystems (deserts, forests, oceans, grasslands).
  • Chemical Cycling: Natural processes recycle nutrients, recycling is necessary, chemical cycles sustain life, waste in nature can be a resource.

Living More Sustainably

  • Sustainability: Central theme
  • Natural Capital: Natural resources & ecosystem services
  • Human activities: Degrade resources faster, cause pollution.

What is a resource?

  • Anything obtained from the environment, potentially requiring technology or readily available.
  • Sustainable Solutions: Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, Recover

Natural Capital

  • Natural Resources: Air, water, minerals.
  • Ecosystem Services: Air purification, climate control, waste treatment.

Types of Resources

  • Inexhaustible resources: Perpetually available (sunlight).
  • Renewable resources: Replenished by natural processes (e.g., wind, water).
  • Nonrenewable resources: Available in fixed amounts (e.g., fossil fuels, minerals).

Natural Resources (cont.)

  • Perpetual: Renew continuously (solar energy, wind, flowing water).
  • Renewable: Days to centuries (air, water, soil, plants, forests, fish).
  • Nonrenewable: Fixed quantities (minerals, energy from fossil fuels, etc.).
  • Sustainable yield: Highest use while maintaining the supply
  • Environmental degradation: Use exceeds natural replacement rate

Natural Services

  • Purification of air and water
  • Nutrient cycling

Resource Use and Environmental Impact

  • Industrialized Countries: 17% of world's population, 88% of resources and 75% of pollution.
  • Developing Countries: 83% of world's population, use few resources per capita, smaller per capita ecological footprint

Ecological Footprints

  • Biologically productive land and water needed.
  • Renewable resources and waste/pollution absorption.
  • Ecological deficit: Use is greater than nature can replenish, adverse environmental impacts (upcycling can mitigate).
  • Growth of ecological footprints: Leads to degradation of natural capital, pollution, & waste.

Recent Global Measures (MDGs)

  • 2000: UN adopted a set of 8 Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), aimed at halving extreme poverty by 2015
  • 2018 and 2020: Many did not reach these original goals, but it raised awareness and generated partnerships and mobilized global efforts.

Latest Global Measures (SDGs)

  • 2015: UN adopted 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) with 169 measurable targets. Developed by stakeholders from developed and developing countries.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the causes and effects of climate change, including greenhouse gases and their impact on weather patterns. Explore how factors like overpopulation and deforestation contribute to environmental challenges. This quiz will deepen your understanding of critical ecological issues.

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