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Questions and Answers
A ___________________ cell in a flowering plant during the night produces CO2.
A ___________________ cell in a flowering plant during the night produces CO2.
mesophyll
The mesophyll is the inner tissue, or the ___________________, of a leaf.
The mesophyll is the inner tissue, or the ___________________, of a leaf.
parenchyma
The ___________________ cell in a mammalian heart during contraction produces CO2.
The ___________________ cell in a mammalian heart during contraction produces CO2.
muscle
The front legs of horses and frogs are homologous because they have a ___________________ ___________________.
The front legs of horses and frogs are homologous because they have a ___________________ ___________________.
Aerobic respiration of glucose occurs at lower ___________________ than simple burning of glucose.
Aerobic respiration of glucose occurs at lower ___________________ than simple burning of glucose.
A diet with insufficient iodine will lead to decreased ___________________ rate.
A diet with insufficient iodine will lead to decreased ___________________ rate.
Restriction enzymes cut DNA by binding to ___________________ ___________________.
Restriction enzymes cut DNA by binding to ___________________ ___________________.
A katydid's leaf-like appearance is an example of ___________________ ___________________.
A katydid's leaf-like appearance is an example of ___________________ ___________________.
Both green plants and green algae have photosynthetic chlorophylls a & b and store carbohydrates as ___________________.
Both green plants and green algae have photosynthetic chlorophylls a & b and store carbohydrates as ___________________.
Algae other than green algae have photosynthetic chlorophylls a & c and store carbohydrates as ___________________.
Algae other than green algae have photosynthetic chlorophylls a & c and store carbohydrates as ___________________.
___________________ reproduction is more likely to result in genetic recombination than in ___________________ reproduction.
___________________ reproduction is more likely to result in genetic recombination than in ___________________ reproduction.
The ___________________ regulates the amount of solutes in the blood and urine (it also produces hormones such as insulin).
The ___________________ regulates the amount of solutes in the blood and urine (it also produces hormones such as insulin).
Deposits of ___________________ indicate prior abundance of thick vegetation.
Deposits of ___________________ indicate prior abundance of thick vegetation.
Dorsal cells in a gastrula define the body ___________________ and ___________________ of the embryo.
Dorsal cells in a gastrula define the body ___________________ and ___________________ of the embryo.
The function of ___________________ ___________________ is to protect the brain.
The function of ___________________ ___________________ is to protect the brain.
In a eukaryotic cell, glycolysis occurs in the ___________________.
In a eukaryotic cell, glycolysis occurs in the ___________________.
___________________ is when homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids don't separate correctly during anaphase.
___________________ is when homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids don't separate correctly during anaphase.
A ___________________ is a cross between a homologous recessive gene and a suspected heterozygote to determine the genotype of the latter.
A ___________________ is a cross between a homologous recessive gene and a suspected heterozygote to determine the genotype of the latter.
[Wavelengths] 380-430 nm = ___________________.
[Wavelengths] 380-430 nm = ___________________.
[Wavelengths] 430-500 nm = ___________________.
[Wavelengths] 430-500 nm = ___________________.
[Wavelengths] 500-520 nm = ___________________.
[Wavelengths] 500-520 nm = ___________________.
[Wavelengths] 520-565 nm = ___________________.
[Wavelengths] 520-565 nm = ___________________.
[Wavelengths] 656-590 nm = ___________________.
[Wavelengths] 656-590 nm = ___________________.
[Wavelengths] 590-625 nm = ___________________.
[Wavelengths] 590-625 nm = ___________________.
[Wavelengths] 625-740 nm = ___________________.
[Wavelengths] 625-740 nm = ___________________.
The ___________________ is the serous membrane lining the cavity of the abdomen and covering the abdominal organs.
The ___________________ is the serous membrane lining the cavity of the abdomen and covering the abdominal organs.
The ___________________ is the innermost membrane that encloses the embryo of a mammal, bird, or reptile.
The ___________________ is the innermost membrane that encloses the embryo of a mammal, bird, or reptile.
The ___________________ is the fetal membrane lying below the chorion in many vertebrates, formed as an outgrowth of the embryo's gut.
The ___________________ is the fetal membrane lying below the chorion in many vertebrates, formed as an outgrowth of the embryo's gut.
Homologous crossover occurs at the ___________________ of chromosomes.
Homologous crossover occurs at the ___________________ of chromosomes.
G1, S, and G2 are all part of ___________________.
G1, S, and G2 are all part of ___________________.
During ______ of interphase, the cell grows.
During ______ of interphase, the cell grows.
During ______ of interphase, the cell replicates its DNA.
During ______ of interphase, the cell replicates its DNA.
During the cell cycle, ___________________ collect and then stop multiplying during mitosis.
During the cell cycle, ___________________ collect and then stop multiplying during mitosis.
___________________ ___________________ ___________________ (CDKs) prepare for mitosis by doing things such as deteriorating the nucleus.
___________________ ___________________ ___________________ (CDKs) prepare for mitosis by doing things such as deteriorating the nucleus.
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Study Notes
Photosynthesis and Plant Cells
- Mesophyll cells in flowering plants release CO2 during the night.
- Mesophyll, composed of parenchyma, is the inner tissue of leaves, containing chloroplasts for photosynthesis.
Cellular Respiration and Metabolism
- Muscle cells in mammalian hearts produce CO2 during contraction.
- Aerobic respiration of glucose occurs at lower temperatures compared to its simple burning.
- A diet low in iodine leads to decreased metabolic rates.
Genetics and Enzymology
- Restriction enzymes cut DNA at specific nucleotide sequences.
- Sexual reproduction promotes genetic recombination more than asexual reproduction does.
- A testcross is used to determine the genotype of a suspected heterozygote by crossing with a homologous recessive.
Photosynthetic Organisms
- Green plants and algae share chlorophylls a & b, storing carbohydrates as starches.
- Non-green algae possess chlorophylls a & c and store carbohydrates as lipids.
Developmental Biology
- Dorsal cells in a gastrula establish the embryo's axes and notochord.
- Homologous crossover during meiosis occurs at chiasmata.
Human Anatomy and Physiology
- The pancreas regulates blood and urine solute levels and produces hormones like insulin.
- The dura mater serves to protect the brain and central nervous system.
Cell Cycle and Mitosis
- Glycolysis occurs in the cytosol of eukaryotic cells.
- Nondisjunction happens when chromosomes fail to separate during anaphase, affecting genetic distribution.
- Cyclins regulate the cell cycle, pausing during mitosis while preparing for subsequent phases.
Membranes and Embryology
- The peritoneum is the serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity and covering organs.
- Amnion is the innermost membrane encasing the embryo in mammals, birds, and reptiles.
- Allantois is a fetal membrane involved in waste management and is part of the placenta in eutherian mammals.
Light and Wavelengths
- Wavelengths of light correspond to colors:
- 380-430 nm = violet
- 430-500 nm = blue
- 500-520 nm = cyan
- 520-565 nm = green
- 590-625 nm = orange
- 625-740 nm = red
Cell Cycle Phases
- G1, S, and G2 phases are components of interphase, which consists of:
- G1: cell growth
- S: DNA replication
- G2: preparation for mitosis.
- Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) facilitate mitotic preparation by initiating processes like nucleus deterioration.
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