CLEP Biology Flashcards Practice Test

Questions and Answers

A ___________________ cell in a flowering plant during the night produces CO2.

mesophyll

The mesophyll is the inner tissue, or the ___________________, of a leaf.

parenchyma

The ___________________ cell in a mammalian heart during contraction produces CO2.

muscle

The front legs of horses and frogs are homologous because they have a _ _.

common origin Signup and view all the answers

Aerobic respiration of glucose occurs at lower ___________________ than simple burning of glucose.

temperatures Signup and view all the answers

A diet with insufficient iodine will lead to decreased ___________________ rate.

metabolic Signup and view all the answers

Restriction enzymes cut DNA by binding to _ _.

nucleotide sequences Signup and view all the answers

A katydid's leaf-like appearance is an example of _ _.

cryptic coloration Signup and view all the answers

Both green plants and green algae have photosynthetic chlorophylls a & b and store carbohydrates as ___________________.

starch Signup and view all the answers

Algae other than green algae have photosynthetic chlorophylls a & c and store carbohydrates as ___________________.

lipids Signup and view all the answers

_ reproduction is more likely to result in genetic recombination than in _ reproduction.

Sexual; asexual Signup and view all the answers

The ___________________ regulates the amount of solutes in the blood and urine (it also produces hormones such as insulin).

pancreas Signup and view all the answers

Deposits of ___________________ indicate prior abundance of thick vegetation.

coal Signup and view all the answers

Dorsal cells in a gastrula define the body _ and _ of the embryo.

axes; notochord Signup and view all the answers

The function of _ _ is to protect the brain.

dura mater Signup and view all the answers

In a eukaryotic cell, glycolysis occurs in the ___________________.

cytosol Signup and view all the answers

___________________ is when homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids don't separate correctly during anaphase.

Nondisjunction Signup and view all the answers

A ___________________ is a cross between a homologous recessive gene and a suspected heterozygote to determine the genotype of the latter.

testcross Signup and view all the answers

[Wavelengths] 380-430 nm = ___________________.

violet Signup and view all the answers

[Wavelengths] 430-500 nm = ___________________.

blue Signup and view all the answers

[Wavelengths] 500-520 nm = ___________________.

cyan Signup and view all the answers

[Wavelengths] 520-565 nm = ___________________.

green Signup and view all the answers

[Wavelengths] 656-590 nm = ___________________.

yellow Signup and view all the answers

[Wavelengths] 590-625 nm = ___________________.

orange Signup and view all the answers

[Wavelengths] 625-740 nm = ___________________.

red Signup and view all the answers

The ___________________ is the serous membrane lining the cavity of the abdomen and covering the abdominal organs.

peritoneum Signup and view all the answers

The ___________________ is the innermost membrane that encloses the embryo of a mammal, bird, or reptile.

amnion Signup and view all the answers

The ___________________ is the fetal membrane lying below the chorion in many vertebrates, formed as an outgrowth of the embryo's gut.

allantois Signup and view all the answers

Homologous crossover occurs at the ___________________ of chromosomes.

chiasmata Signup and view all the answers

G1, S, and G2 are all part of ___________________.

interphase Signup and view all the answers

During ______ of interphase, the cell grows.

G1 Signup and view all the answers

During ______ of interphase, the cell replicates its DNA.

S Signup and view all the answers

During the cell cycle, ___________________ collect and then stop multiplying during mitosis.

cyclins Signup and view all the answers

_________ _ ___________ (CDKs) prepare for mitosis by doing things such as deteriorating the nucleus.

Cyclin dependent kinases Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Photosynthesis and Plant Cells

Mesophyll cells in flowering plants release CO2 during the night.
Mesophyll, composed of parenchyma, is the inner tissue of leaves, containing chloroplasts for photosynthesis.

Cellular Respiration and Metabolism

Muscle cells in mammalian hearts produce CO2 during contraction.
Aerobic respiration of glucose occurs at lower temperatures compared to its simple burning.
A diet low in iodine leads to decreased metabolic rates.

Genetics and Enzymology

Restriction enzymes cut DNA at specific nucleotide sequences.
Sexual reproduction promotes genetic recombination more than asexual reproduction does.
A testcross is used to determine the genotype of a suspected heterozygote by crossing with a homologous recessive.

Photosynthetic Organisms

Green plants and algae share chlorophylls a & b, storing carbohydrates as starches.
Non-green algae possess chlorophylls a & c and store carbohydrates as lipids.

Developmental Biology

Dorsal cells in a gastrula establish the embryo's axes and notochord.
Homologous crossover during meiosis occurs at chiasmata.

Human Anatomy and Physiology

The pancreas regulates blood and urine solute levels and produces hormones like insulin.
The dura mater serves to protect the brain and central nervous system.

Cell Cycle and Mitosis

Glycolysis occurs in the cytosol of eukaryotic cells.
Nondisjunction happens when chromosomes fail to separate during anaphase, affecting genetic distribution.
Cyclins regulate the cell cycle, pausing during mitosis while preparing for subsequent phases.

Membranes and Embryology

The peritoneum is the serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity and covering organs.
Amnion is the innermost membrane encasing the embryo in mammals, birds, and reptiles.
Allantois is a fetal membrane involved in waste management and is part of the placenta in eutherian mammals.

Light and Wavelengths

Wavelengths of light correspond to colors:
- 380-430 nm = violet
- 430-500 nm = blue
- 500-520 nm = cyan
- 520-565 nm = green
- 590-625 nm = orange
- 625-740 nm = red

Cell Cycle Phases

G1, S, and G2 phases are components of interphase, which consists of:
- G1: cell growth
- S: DNA replication
- G2: preparation for mitosis.
Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) facilitate mitotic preparation by initiating processes like nucleus deterioration.

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Test your knowledge of key biology concepts with these flashcards designed for the CLEP exam. This quiz covers various essential terms and definitions, including plant biology and cellular functions. Perfect for students preparing for biology assessments.