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Questions and Answers
A ___________________ cell in a flowering plant during the night produces CO2.
A ___________________ cell in a flowering plant during the night produces CO2.
mesophyll
The mesophyll is the inner tissue, or the ___________________, of a leaf.
The mesophyll is the inner tissue, or the ___________________, of a leaf.
parenchyma
The ___________________ cell in a mammalian heart during contraction produces CO2.
The ___________________ cell in a mammalian heart during contraction produces CO2.
muscle
The front legs of horses and frogs are homologous because they have a ___________________ ___________________.
The front legs of horses and frogs are homologous because they have a ___________________ ___________________.
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Aerobic respiration of glucose occurs at lower ___________________ than simple burning of glucose.
Aerobic respiration of glucose occurs at lower ___________________ than simple burning of glucose.
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A diet with insufficient iodine will lead to decreased ___________________ rate.
A diet with insufficient iodine will lead to decreased ___________________ rate.
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Restriction enzymes cut DNA by binding to ___________________ ___________________.
Restriction enzymes cut DNA by binding to ___________________ ___________________.
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A katydid's leaf-like appearance is an example of ___________________ ___________________.
A katydid's leaf-like appearance is an example of ___________________ ___________________.
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Both green plants and green algae have photosynthetic chlorophylls a & b and store carbohydrates as ___________________.
Both green plants and green algae have photosynthetic chlorophylls a & b and store carbohydrates as ___________________.
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Algae other than green algae have photosynthetic chlorophylls a & c and store carbohydrates as ___________________.
Algae other than green algae have photosynthetic chlorophylls a & c and store carbohydrates as ___________________.
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___________________ reproduction is more likely to result in genetic recombination than in ___________________ reproduction.
___________________ reproduction is more likely to result in genetic recombination than in ___________________ reproduction.
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The ___________________ regulates the amount of solutes in the blood and urine (it also produces hormones such as insulin).
The ___________________ regulates the amount of solutes in the blood and urine (it also produces hormones such as insulin).
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Deposits of ___________________ indicate prior abundance of thick vegetation.
Deposits of ___________________ indicate prior abundance of thick vegetation.
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Dorsal cells in a gastrula define the body ___________________ and ___________________ of the embryo.
Dorsal cells in a gastrula define the body ___________________ and ___________________ of the embryo.
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The function of ___________________ ___________________ is to protect the brain.
The function of ___________________ ___________________ is to protect the brain.
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In a eukaryotic cell, glycolysis occurs in the ___________________.
In a eukaryotic cell, glycolysis occurs in the ___________________.
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___________________ is when homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids don't separate correctly during anaphase.
___________________ is when homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids don't separate correctly during anaphase.
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A ___________________ is a cross between a homologous recessive gene and a suspected heterozygote to determine the genotype of the latter.
A ___________________ is a cross between a homologous recessive gene and a suspected heterozygote to determine the genotype of the latter.
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[Wavelengths] 380-430 nm = ___________________.
[Wavelengths] 380-430 nm = ___________________.
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[Wavelengths] 430-500 nm = ___________________.
[Wavelengths] 430-500 nm = ___________________.
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[Wavelengths] 500-520 nm = ___________________.
[Wavelengths] 500-520 nm = ___________________.
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[Wavelengths] 520-565 nm = ___________________.
[Wavelengths] 520-565 nm = ___________________.
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[Wavelengths] 656-590 nm = ___________________.
[Wavelengths] 656-590 nm = ___________________.
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[Wavelengths] 590-625 nm = ___________________.
[Wavelengths] 590-625 nm = ___________________.
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[Wavelengths] 625-740 nm = ___________________.
[Wavelengths] 625-740 nm = ___________________.
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The ___________________ is the serous membrane lining the cavity of the abdomen and covering the abdominal organs.
The ___________________ is the serous membrane lining the cavity of the abdomen and covering the abdominal organs.
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The ___________________ is the innermost membrane that encloses the embryo of a mammal, bird, or reptile.
The ___________________ is the innermost membrane that encloses the embryo of a mammal, bird, or reptile.
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The ___________________ is the fetal membrane lying below the chorion in many vertebrates, formed as an outgrowth of the embryo's gut.
The ___________________ is the fetal membrane lying below the chorion in many vertebrates, formed as an outgrowth of the embryo's gut.
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Homologous crossover occurs at the ___________________ of chromosomes.
Homologous crossover occurs at the ___________________ of chromosomes.
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G1, S, and G2 are all part of ___________________.
G1, S, and G2 are all part of ___________________.
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During ______ of interphase, the cell grows.
During ______ of interphase, the cell grows.
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During ______ of interphase, the cell replicates its DNA.
During ______ of interphase, the cell replicates its DNA.
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During the cell cycle, ___________________ collect and then stop multiplying during mitosis.
During the cell cycle, ___________________ collect and then stop multiplying during mitosis.
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___________________ ___________________ ___________________ (CDKs) prepare for mitosis by doing things such as deteriorating the nucleus.
___________________ ___________________ ___________________ (CDKs) prepare for mitosis by doing things such as deteriorating the nucleus.
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Study Notes
Photosynthesis and Plant Cells
- Mesophyll cells in flowering plants release CO2 during the night.
- Mesophyll, composed of parenchyma, is the inner tissue of leaves, containing chloroplasts for photosynthesis.
Cellular Respiration and Metabolism
- Muscle cells in mammalian hearts produce CO2 during contraction.
- Aerobic respiration of glucose occurs at lower temperatures compared to its simple burning.
- A diet low in iodine leads to decreased metabolic rates.
Genetics and Enzymology
- Restriction enzymes cut DNA at specific nucleotide sequences.
- Sexual reproduction promotes genetic recombination more than asexual reproduction does.
- A testcross is used to determine the genotype of a suspected heterozygote by crossing with a homologous recessive.
Photosynthetic Organisms
- Green plants and algae share chlorophylls a & b, storing carbohydrates as starches.
- Non-green algae possess chlorophylls a & c and store carbohydrates as lipids.
Developmental Biology
- Dorsal cells in a gastrula establish the embryo's axes and notochord.
- Homologous crossover during meiosis occurs at chiasmata.
Human Anatomy and Physiology
- The pancreas regulates blood and urine solute levels and produces hormones like insulin.
- The dura mater serves to protect the brain and central nervous system.
Cell Cycle and Mitosis
- Glycolysis occurs in the cytosol of eukaryotic cells.
- Nondisjunction happens when chromosomes fail to separate during anaphase, affecting genetic distribution.
- Cyclins regulate the cell cycle, pausing during mitosis while preparing for subsequent phases.
Membranes and Embryology
- The peritoneum is the serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity and covering organs.
- Amnion is the innermost membrane encasing the embryo in mammals, birds, and reptiles.
- Allantois is a fetal membrane involved in waste management and is part of the placenta in eutherian mammals.
Light and Wavelengths
- Wavelengths of light correspond to colors:
- 380-430 nm = violet
- 430-500 nm = blue
- 500-520 nm = cyan
- 520-565 nm = green
- 590-625 nm = orange
- 625-740 nm = red
Cell Cycle Phases
- G1, S, and G2 phases are components of interphase, which consists of:
- G1: cell growth
- S: DNA replication
- G2: preparation for mitosis.
- Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) facilitate mitotic preparation by initiating processes like nucleus deterioration.
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Description
Test your knowledge of key biology concepts with these flashcards designed for the CLEP exam. This quiz covers various essential terms and definitions, including plant biology and cellular functions. Perfect for students preparing for biology assessments.
