Cleft Lip and Palate Pathophysiology

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

What causes cleft lip and cleft palate?

Lack of proper nutrition during pregnancy
Smoking and alcohol consumption during pregnancy
Viral infections during pregnancy
Chromosomal abnormalities, exposure to teratogens, genetic mutations, or environmental factors (correct)

What type of cleft palate involves both the hard and soft palate?

Incomplete cleft palate
Complete cleft palate (correct)
Bilateral cleft lip
Unilateral cleft lip

What is a double cleft?

A cleft that occurs on both sides of the lip
A cleft that involves only the hard palate
A cleft that runs from the soft palate forward to either side of the nose (correct)
A cleft that involves only the soft palate

Which medication is known to increase the risk of cleft lip and palate when taken during pregnancy?

Topiramate (D) Signup and view all the answers

What can decrease the risk of isolated cleft lip with or without cleft palate?

Daily maternal use of folic acid (400 mcg or more) (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is recommended for women of childbearing age to reduce the risk of cleft lip and palate?

Take a daily multivitamin containing folic acid until menopause or until they're no longer fertile (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary surgical management for cleft lip?

Cheiloplasty (D) Signup and view all the answers

At what age is palatoplasty typically performed?

9-14 months (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which intervention may be necessary during the neonatal period for significant airway obstruction?

Tracheostomy (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the lip-taping regimen?

To narrow the gap in the child's cleft lip (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which intervention is recommended for an infant with a cleft lip who cannot effectively suckle at the breast?

Express milk for bottle, cup, spoon, or syringe feeding (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the nasal alveolar molding (NAM) technique?

To help mold the lip tissue into a more favorable position for lip repair (C) Signup and view all the answers

What specialized feeding devices are recommended for formula feeding infants with cleft lip or palate?

Preemie nipples with enlarged or cross-cut openings and bottles designed for cleft lip or palate (A) Signup and view all the answers

What should be done to assist with feeding infants with cleft lip or palate?

Position the infant upright during feedings (C) Signup and view all the answers

What should be done to monitor the infant's weight gain?

Weigh the infant daily using the same scale, time, and clothing (A) Signup and view all the answers

How should healthcare providers interact with the family of an infant with cleft lip or palate?

Actively listen, answer questions honestly, and encourage family participation (C) Signup and view all the answers

What should healthcare providers emphasize when discussing the infant's appearance?

Point out positive aspects and note that the appearance will be improved after surgical correction (A) Signup and view all the answers

What postoperative care should parents be informed about if surgical repair is planned during the neonatal period?

The infant will need to wear elbow restraints to reduce the risk of complications (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which intervention is NOT recommended for post-operative care in the given scenario?

Suctioning or inserting hard objects in the mouth (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of Kwashiorkor, a severe protein deficiency disorder?

Pitting edema and an apathetic appearance (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about Marasmus is NOT true?

It is characterized by the presence of pitting edema (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main symptom associated with Tracheoesophageal Fistula (TEF)?

Difficulty swallowing and digesting food (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Type A (Atresia) Tracheoesophageal Fistula?

It usually occurs in children over 1 year old (D) Signup and view all the answers

What are the 3C's associated with Tracheoesophageal Reflux?

Coughing, Choking, Crying (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of TEF involves the upper portion of the esophagus being cut off from the stomach?

Type B (B) Signup and view all the answers

In which type of TEF does one end of the esophagus stick to the trachea?

Type C (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which nursing intervention is aimed at addressing the risk of aspiration in TEF patients?

Assessing cough and gag reflexes (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary nursing intervention for addressing ineffective coping in TEF patients and their families?

Encouraging verbalization of emotions (C) Signup and view all the answers

In which type of TEF are both ends of the cut esophagus connected to the trachea?

Type D (A) Signup and view all the answers

What nursing intervention is recommended for addressing ineffective airway clearance in TEF patients?

Performing chest physiotherapy (D) Signup and view all the answers

Cleft Lip and Palate Cause

Caused by chromosomal abnormalities, teratogens, genetic mutations, or environmental factors.

Complete Cleft Palate

Involves both the hard and soft palate.