Cleft Lip and Palate Pathophysiology
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Questions and Answers

What causes cleft lip and cleft palate?

  • Lack of proper nutrition during pregnancy
  • Smoking and alcohol consumption during pregnancy
  • Viral infections during pregnancy
  • Chromosomal abnormalities, exposure to teratogens, genetic mutations, or environmental factors (correct)

    • What type of cleft palate involves both the hard and soft palate?

  • Incomplete cleft palate
  • Complete cleft palate (correct)
  • Bilateral cleft lip
  • Unilateral cleft lip

    • What is a double cleft?

  • A cleft that occurs on both sides of the lip
  • A cleft that involves only the hard palate
  • A cleft that runs from the soft palate forward to either side of the nose (correct)
  • A cleft that involves only the soft palate

    • Which medication is known to increase the risk of cleft lip and palate when taken during pregnancy?

    <p>Topiramate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can decrease the risk of isolated cleft lip with or without cleft palate?

    <p>Daily maternal use of folic acid (400 mcg or more)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is recommended for women of childbearing age to reduce the risk of cleft lip and palate?

    <p>Take a daily multivitamin containing folic acid until menopause or until they're no longer fertile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary surgical management for cleft lip?

    <p>Cheiloplasty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age is palatoplasty typically performed?

    <p>9-14 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which intervention may be necessary during the neonatal period for significant airway obstruction?

    <p>Tracheostomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the lip-taping regimen?

    <p>To narrow the gap in the child's cleft lip</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which intervention is recommended for an infant with a cleft lip who cannot effectively suckle at the breast?

    <p>Express milk for bottle, cup, spoon, or syringe feeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the nasal alveolar molding (NAM) technique?

    <p>To help mold the lip tissue into a more favorable position for lip repair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What specialized feeding devices are recommended for formula feeding infants with cleft lip or palate?

    <p>Preemie nipples with enlarged or cross-cut openings and bottles designed for cleft lip or palate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done to assist with feeding infants with cleft lip or palate?

    <p>Position the infant upright during feedings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done to monitor the infant's weight gain?

    <p>Weigh the infant daily using the same scale, time, and clothing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should healthcare providers interact with the family of an infant with cleft lip or palate?

    <p>Actively listen, answer questions honestly, and encourage family participation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should healthcare providers emphasize when discussing the infant's appearance?

    <p>Point out positive aspects and note that the appearance will be improved after surgical correction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What postoperative care should parents be informed about if surgical repair is planned during the neonatal period?

    <p>The infant will need to wear elbow restraints to reduce the risk of complications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which intervention is NOT recommended for post-operative care in the given scenario?

    <p>Suctioning or inserting hard objects in the mouth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of Kwashiorkor, a severe protein deficiency disorder?

    <p>Pitting edema and an apathetic appearance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about Marasmus is NOT true?

    <p>It is characterized by the presence of pitting edema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main symptom associated with Tracheoesophageal Fistula (TEF)?

    <p>Difficulty swallowing and digesting food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Type A (Atresia) Tracheoesophageal Fistula?

    <p>It usually occurs in children over 1 year old</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the 3C's associated with Tracheoesophageal Reflux?

    <p>Coughing, Choking, Crying</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of TEF involves the upper portion of the esophagus being cut off from the stomach?

    <p>Type B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of TEF does one end of the esophagus stick to the trachea?

    <p>Type C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nursing intervention is aimed at addressing the risk of aspiration in TEF patients?

    <p>Assessing cough and gag reflexes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary nursing intervention for addressing ineffective coping in TEF patients and their families?

    <p>Encouraging verbalization of emotions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of TEF are both ends of the cut esophagus connected to the trachea?

    <p>Type D</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What nursing intervention is recommended for addressing ineffective airway clearance in TEF patients?

    <p>Performing chest physiotherapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

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