Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate Quiz

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40 Questions

Which duct forms a remnant called Gartner duct in females?

Paramesonephric (Müllerian) Duct

What is the main characteristic of Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser Syndrome?

Presence of an absent uterus

Which duct develops into internal male genitalia in XY individuals?

Mesonephric (Wolffian) Duct

What causes the regression of the Paramesonephric (Müllerian) Duct in XY individuals?

The action of Müllerian inhibitory factor (MIF)

What is the main role of Leydig cells in the testes?

To produce testosterone

What is the result of 5α-reductase deficiency?

Development of male internal genitalia and atypical external genitalia

Which of the following is part of the male external genitalia?

Penis

Which of the following is part of the female internal genitalia?

Fallopian tubes

What can uterine (Müllerian duct) anomalies cause?

Fertility issues and complicated pregnancies

What is the common treatment for septate uterus?

Septoplasty

Which process is involved in the formation of cleft lip?

Intermaxillary segment

Which process is involved in the formation of cleft palate?

Palatine shelves (2° palate)

Which duct develops into female internal structures?

Müllerian Duct (Paramesonephric Duct)

Which gene on the Y chromosome leads to testes development?

SRY gene

Which cells secrete Müllerian inhibitory factor (MIF)?

Sertoli cells

Which cells secrete androgens that stimulate the development of mesonephric ducts?

Leydig cells

Which structures develop as a result of female default development?

Metanephric kidney, Ureter, Uterus, Vagina, Oviduct, and Urinary bladder

Which structures develop as a result of male development?

Testis, Epididymis, Vas deferens, and Urinary bladder

What does the Müllerian Duct regress into in males?

Appendix testis

Which duct develops into male internal structures (except prostate)?

Wolffian Duct (Mesonephric Duct)

Which structure is involved in the formation of cleft lip?

Frontonasal process

Which structure is involved in the formation of cleft palate?

Palatine shelves

Which structure develops into the fallopian tubes in females?

Müllerian Duct

Which structure develops into the seminal vesicles in males?

Wolffian Duct

What is the role of Sertoli cells in male development?

Suppress development of paramesonephric ducts

What is the main role of Leydig cells in the testes?

Produce androgens

Which structure develops as a result of female default development?

Uterus

Which structure develops as a result of male development?

Epididymis

What does the Müllerian Duct regress into in males?

Appendix testis

Which structure forms the 2° palate in the development of cleft palate?

Palatine shelves

Which of the following is a characteristic of Müllerian Agenesis (Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser Syndrome)?

Presence of a blind vaginal pouch

Which duct develops into internal female genitalia in XX individuals?

Paramesonephric (Müllerian) Duct

Which cells in the testes secrete Müllerian inhibitory factor (MIF)?

Sertoli cells

What is the result of 5α-reductase deficiency?

Male internal genitalia development

Which of the following is part of the male external genitalia?

Prostate

Which duct develops into male internal structures (except prostate) in XY individuals?

Mesonephric (Wolffian) Duct

Which duct forms a remnant called Gartner duct in females?

Mesonephric (Wolffian) Duct

Which cells secrete androgens that stimulate the development of mesonephric ducts?

Leydig cells

What is the main characteristic of Uterine (Müllerian duct) anomalies?

Increased risk of complicated pregnancies

What is the common treatment for septate uterus?

Septoplasty

Study Notes

Development of Genitalia

  • Wolffian duct develops into internal male genitalia in XY individuals
  • Müllerian duct develops into internal female genitalia in XX individuals
  • Mesonephric duct develops into male internal structures (except prostate) in XY individuals
  • Paramesonephric duct develops into female internal structures

Regression of Ducts

  • Müllerian duct regresses into a remnant called Gartner duct in females
  • Paramesonephric duct regresses in XY individuals due to the action of Müllerian inhibitory factor (MIF)

Hormones and Factors

  • Leydig cells secrete androgens that stimulate the development of mesonephric ducts
  • Sertoli cells secrete Müllerian inhibitory factor (MIF)
  • 5α-reductase deficiency results in undersized genitalia and prostate gland

Syndromes and Anomalies

  • Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser Syndrome: main characteristic is the absence of the uterus and vagina
  • Uterine (Müllerian duct) anomalies: can cause infertility, recurrent miscarriage, and premature birth
  • Common treatment for septate uterus is surgery to remove the septum

Formation of Cleft Lip and Palate

  • Frontonasal prominence is involved in the formation of cleft lip
  • Palatal shelves are involved in the formation of cleft palate
  • The secondary palate forms from the palatal shelves

Development of External Genitalia

  • Genital tubercle is part of the male external genitalia
  • Ovary is part of the female internal genitalia

Genes and Development

  • SRY gene on the Y chromosome leads to testes development
  • Default development in the absence of the SRY gene leads to female internal genitalia
  • In the presence of the SRY gene, male development occurs

Test your knowledge on cleft lip and cleft palate with this quiz! Learn about the processes involved in their formation and the structures affected. Discover the connection between cleft lip and cleft palate.

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