Classroom Management Techniques

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Questions and Answers

What is one method teachers can use to ensure each student's workload is balanced during group projects?

Require groups to submit a list detailing each student's contributions.

How can peer evaluation benefit group projects?

It allows students to assess each other's participation and contributions, enhancing accountability.

What practice can help students develop their listening skills during group discussions?

Students can summarize the work they have done or plan to do.

How can assigning roles within a group support the development of leadership skills?

<p>It gives students opportunities to demonstrate initiative and gain confidence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a practical way for students to prepare to explain their work in group discussions?

<p>They should keep a daily record of their own work in notebooks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does inconsistency in classroom rules have on student behavior?

<p>It leads to students testing the teacher's limits and not following procedures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one key strategy for effectively managing inappropriate behavior in the classroom?

<p>Make eye contact with or move closer to the student.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is building a positive climate important in the classroom?

<p>It helps generate excitement and encourages students to engage with the material.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should a teacher respond to off-task behavior according to effective classroom management?

<p>The teacher should not ignore the behavior but redirect or remind students of procedures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What attitude should a teacher convey to enhance student confidence and performance?

<p>The teacher should display an encouraging attitude that conveys confidence in the students' ability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What common purpose do organized activities in the classroom serve?

<p>They facilitate learning and engagement among students and teachers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify two types of activities involved in checking student progress.

<p>Checking classwork or homework and recitation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the 'opening routine' in a high school learning sequence?

<p>It sets the tone for the lesson and engages students from the start.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define 'withitness' in the context of classroom management.

<p>'Withitness' refers to a teacher's general awareness of the classroom environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does 'momentum' contribute to effective lesson delivery?

<p>Momentum keeps lessons moving briskly, maintaining student engagement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does 'group alerting' play in managing group focus?

<p>Group alerting actively engages students' attention and participation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the significance of 'accountability' in classroom participation.

<p>Accountability communicates to students that their participation will be observed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the advantages of using small-group work in the classroom?

<p>It fosters collaboration and allows for diverse perspectives on tasks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify one disadvantage of poorly managed classroom transitions.

<p>Students may become disengaged or disruptive during transitions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important for a teacher to maintain 'smoothness' in their lesson plan?

<p>Maintaining smoothness ensures that the lesson stays on track and objectives are met.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What routine can help minimize disruptions during attendance checks?

<p>Establish a beginning-of-period routine with clear expectations for student behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can instructors ensure students start their seatwork promptly?

<p>Post the assignment where students can see it easily and begin with directed instruction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a suggested end-of-period routine to promote student accountability?

<p>Students should work until signaled by the teacher and then clean up their areas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What strategy can help ensure smooth transitions between activities?

<p>Establish a routine and give advance notice before activities end.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What approach can help address slow transitions caused by certain students?

<p>Do not wait for slow students; monitor them closely to understand their difficulties.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can group work be structured to promote interdependence?

<p>Divide responsibilities among students to ensure everyone contributes to the group's success.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What concept can enhance accountability in group projects?

<p>Assign roles to ensure that every student has a specific task to complete.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one way to increase individual accountability within a group setting?

<p>Provide group assignments that can be given a group grade.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of school-wide positive behavior support?

<p>Establishing shared expectations for behavior across the school environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does constructive assertiveness entail?

<p>It involves standing up for legitimate rights without tearing down or attacking the student.</p> Signup and view all the answers

List two elements that are necessary for effective assertiveness.

<p>A clear statement of the problem and unambiguous body language.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes assertiveness from aggression?

<p>Assertiveness is respectful and non-hostile, while aggression is hostile and confrontational.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is empathic responding important in handling student behavior?

<p>It allows the educator to listen to the student's perspective and validate their feelings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of problem-solving in communication with students?

<p>To collaboratively develop a plan for behavior change.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify one way to promote a safe classroom environment.

<p>Establishing clear expectations for behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of including material incentives in a classroom?

<p>It can motivate students through the awarding of objects of value.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can a teacher demonstrate unambiguous body language?

<p>By maintaining eye contact and facing the student appropriately.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should a teacher do if a student denies misbehavior?

<p>Listen carefully to the student's viewpoint to understand their perspective.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three steps in problem solving?

<p>Identify the problem, select a solution, and obtain a commitment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes a major problem but limited in scope and effects?

<p>Chronic off-task behavior or refusal to complete assignments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one goal of managing problem behavior in a classroom.

<p>Creating a safe and supportive learning environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What strategy involves defining behavioral expectations?

<p>Establishing clear rules and strategies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one method of positive reinforcement in the classroom?

<p>Implementing a rewards system to encourage positive behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of providing situational assistance?

<p>To help redirect students who are off-task.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'group alerting' refer to?

<p>Engaging all students by creating suspense before calling on someone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can teachers use 'I' messages effectively?

<p>By expressing how a student's behavior affects their learning experience.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one option under 'moderate interventions'?

<p>Withholding a privilege or desired activity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial step in the 5-step intervention procedure?

<p>Use a nonverbal signal to cue the student to stop.</p> Signup and view all the answers

When should a student be referred to the school office?

<p>If the situation was too serious or involved chronic disruption.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can a reflection sheet achieve?

<p>It encourages students to think critically about their behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does scaffolding in instruction involve?

<p>Breaking down complex tasks into manageable parts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to monitor instruction regularly?

<p>To assess student engagement and adapt teaching methods as needed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of giving students a choice in tasks?

<p>To promote a sense of ownership in their learning process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Consistency in Classroom Management

The ability to consistently enforce classroom rules and procedures, ensuring that all students are held to the same standards, leading to predictable and fair classroom management.

High Degree of Withitness

A teacher's awareness of what is happening in the classroom, allowing them to quickly identify and address inappropriate behaviors.

Calm Approach to Inappropriate Behavior

A calm, assertive approach to addressing off-task behavior, conveying clear expectations and encouraging students to follow classroom rules.

Ways to Manage Inappropriate Behavior

Approaches to redirecting students who are off-task, including making eye contact, reminding them of procedures, redirecting them to the task, and asking or telling them to stop the inappropriate behavior.

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Building a Positive Classroom Climate

Actions designed to create a positive and supportive learning environment, such as identifying instructional goals, ensuring work quality, rejecting poor excuses, expressing confidence in students, and maintaining an encouraging attitude.

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Beginning-of-period routine

A set of predictable steps students follow at the beginning of a class to ensure a smooth transition into learning.

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Transition Procedures

A system for managing student behavior during transitions, like moving from one activity to another, to prevent disruptions and keep the learning flowing.

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Cooperative Learning

A strategy where students are responsible for their own learning and their peers' success, working together to achieve a common goal.

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Interdependence

A deliberate activity that requires students to interact and depend on each other to complete a task or project.

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Individual Accountability

A strategy that ensures that each student in a group is accountable for their own work and contributes to the group's success.

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Dividing Responsibilities

A key element of cooperative learning where students share the workload, responsibilities, and resources to accomplish a shared objective.

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Drill Partners

A teaching technique where students pair up to practice a skill or concept, taking turns as the 'teacher' and the 'student'.

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Assigned Roles

A system where a teacher assigns specific roles to each member of a group to ensure each person plays a part and contributes their skills.

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Classroom Activity

Structured events with a common purpose engaging both teachers and students.

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Withitness

Ensuring the classroom is always under control and teachers are aware of what's happening at all times.

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Smoothness

Moving smoothly between different parts of the lesson without disruptions.

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Momentum

Actions to keep the lesson moving forward at a steady pace.

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Overlapping

Strategies that involve multiple tasks or actions at the same time.

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Group Alerting

Techniques designed to engage all students actively.

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Encouraging Accountability

Making students accountable for their participation and ensuring they know their actions are being observed.

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Higher Participation Lessons

Techniques that rely on specific instructions and clear expectations to define desired behavior.

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Transition Problem

Problems that occur during transitions between activities, like the start or end of class.

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High School Activity Sequences

The typical sequence of activities in high school classes, often involving opening, checking, content development, seatwork/groupwork, discussion, and closing.

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Material Incentive

The practice of providing objects of value to students as a way to encourage positive behavior.

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School-Wide Positive Behavior Support

A school-wide approach to establishing clear expectations for behavior and offering support for students who struggle.

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Constructive Assertiveness

The ability to stand up for your rights without attacking or disrespecting others.

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Empathic Responding

Focuses on listening and understanding the student's emotions or thoughts.

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Problem Solving

Collaborating with the student to find a solution to a problem.

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Clear Statement

Clearly stating the problem and the desired action in a calm and firm manner.

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Body Language

Using non-verbal cues like eye contact and body language to convey seriousness.

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Obtaining Appropriate Behavior

Insisting that the student complies with the expected behavior.

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Listening

Actively listening and acknowledging the student's feelings without judgment.

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Processing

Confirming your understanding of the student's message, ensuring clarity.

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Individual contribution tracking

Asking students to list their specific contributions to a group project.

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Peer evaluation

Using peer review to assess individual contributions and participation in group projects.

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Active listening skills

Asking students to describe a problem, identify steps to be taken, summarize work done or planned, and explain their answers.

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Developing leadership skills

Assigning roles, giving students opportunities to demonstrate initiative, recognizing leadership actions, and providing positive feedback.

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Identify the problem

Identifying the specific issue that needs addressing; asking for the student's viewpoint.

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Select a solution

Choosing an appropriate solution to address the identified problem; either the teacher or student can decide.

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Obtain a commitment

Ensuring that the chosen solution will be carried out; can be verbal or written.

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Non-problem behavior

Behavior that is not disruptive or problematic; typical in classrooms.

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Minor problem behavior

Minor disruptions to the classroom environment, such as talking out of turn or leaving seats without permission.

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Major problem but limited in scope and effects

Recurring and serious disruptions to the classroom, including chronic off-task behavior, incomplete assignments, and rule-breaking.

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Escalating or Spreading Problem

Behaviors that escalate and disrupt the entire classroom; examples include multiple students roaming around, engaging in social conversations, or refusing to cooperate.

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Creating a safe and supportive learning environment

Creating an environment where students feel safe and supported; promotes positive learning.

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Encouraging active engagement in learning

Encouraging students to actively participate in learning, promoting engagement and involvement.

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Helping students develop self-regulation and responsibility

Helping students develop the skills and abilities to regulate their behavior, take ownership of their actions, and behave responsibly.

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Minimizing disruptions to the educational process

Minimizing disruptions to the educational process so that learning can occur effectively.

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Establishing Clear Rules and Strategies

Establishing and communicating clear expectations for student conduct to create a structured and predictable learning environment.

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Building a Positive Relationship

Building trust and respect between teachers and students to enhance cooperation and ensure a positive learning climate.

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Using Reinforcement

Using a system of rewards to encourage positive behavior and motivate students to make good choices.

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Providing Situational Assistance

Offering immediate help to students who are off task to redirect their focus and support their learning.

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Monitoring and Adjusting Instruction

Regularly evaluating student engagement and adjusting teaching strategies to meet their needs and ensure they are learning effectively.

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Involving Students in Decision Making

Engaging students in creating class rules and procedures to increase their commitment to the classroom environment and enhance their sense of ownership.

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Provide Situational Assistance

Providing immediate and brief support to students who are displaying off-task behavior, helping them redirect their attention back to appropriate activities.

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Use Mild Responses

Using nonverbal cues like eye contact and hand signals or verbal cues like gentle reminders or questions to guide student behavior and maintain focus.

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Give Verbal Warnings

Using direct language or commands to address misbehavior and ensure students understand the expected behavior.

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Provide Choices

Granting students control over their behavior by giving them choices to resolve their misbehavior, helping them take responsibility for their actions.

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Ask Reflective Questions

Prompting students to reflect on their behavior by asking them questions that encourage them to think about what they should be doing instead of engaging in misbehavior.

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Get the Activity Moving

Using tactics to initiate and keep activities moving, involving strategies like starting lessons efficiently, transitioning smoothly, and ensuring student engagement in learning.

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Maintaining Group Accountability

Emphasizing to students that their behavior will be monitored, creating a sense of accountability for their actions and encouraging them to stay engaged.

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High Participation Formats

Using formats that involve all students in active learning, such as manipulating materials, solving problems, or participating in discussions, to encourage participation and prevent off-task behavior.

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Asking Questions

Using questions to redirect students' attention to the learning task, helping them refocus and re-engage in the classroom activities.

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Engaging Activities

Using engaging activities, such as problem-solving or reading aloud, to redirect student attention to the task at hand.

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Positive Reinforcement

Providing positive feedback and encouragement for students' positive behavior, reinforcing desired actions and promoting a positive classroom environment.

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Scaffolding

Providing structure and support to students when they are encountering challenging tasks or concepts, ensuring that they can access and understand the information.

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Modeling

Demonstrating a task or concept to students clearly and effectively, helping them understand and replicate the desired behavior.

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Differentiation

Adapting instruction to meet the diverse needs of students, ensuring that all learners have access to the information and support they require to succeed.

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Give the Student a Choice

Allowing students to make choices about aspects of their learning, such as which task they want to complete or which group they want to work with.

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Behavioral Options

Providing students with options for how to behave or complete assignments, giving them control over their actions and helping them learn to make responsible choices.

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Group Work

Allowing students to choose who they want to work with, giving them input and autonomy in their group work.

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Use an "I" Message

Using

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Disconnect / Reconnect

Temporarily removing a student from the classroom environment to give them a chance to calm down and reflect on their behaviour.

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Fine or Penalty

Imposing consequences for misbehavior that are directly related to the disruptive action.

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Reflection Sheet

Encouraging students to think critically about their behavior and actions, promoting self-reflection and personal responsibility.

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Detention

Keeping a student after class or school as a consequence for misbehavior.

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Problem Solving Conference

A formal discussion with the student to address and resolve behavior issues, involving problem-solving strategies to create a plan for improvement.

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Individual Contract with the student

A formal agreement outlining specific behavioral expectations and consequences with the student, creating a structured framework for improvement.

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Use A Daily Behavior Report Card

Using a daily report card to track student behavior, providing a clear record of their performance and identifying areas for improvement.

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Initial Contact

Sending a note home or making a phone call to inform the parent about a specific behavior of concern.

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Parent Teacher Conference

A formal meeting between the teacher and parents to discuss observations, concerns and potential strategies for addressing student behavior.

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Refer the Student to the School office

Referring a student to the school office for further support or disciplinary action when behavior issues persist.

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Study Notes

Exam

  • Activity: Describes organized behavior teachers and students engage in for a common purpose.
  • 11 Types of Activities:
    • Opening and Closing the Period
    • Presenting New Content
    • Discussion
    • Checking Classwork/Homework
    • Recitation
    • Classwork
    • Independent Work
    • Small-Group Work
    • Test Administration
    • Student Presentations/Demonstrations
  • Sequences of Activities in High School:
    • Opening Routine
    • Checking
    • Content Development
    • Seatwork/Groupwork/Discussion
    • Closing
    • Advantages and Disadvantages of Activities
  • Kounin's Concepts for Managing Group:
    • Withitness: General awareness of the classroom. Attending to two or more events. Keeping lessons moving briskly. Staying on track.
    • Overlapping: Keeping lessons moving briskly.
    • Momentum: Staying on track with the lesson.
    • Smoothness: Taking action to engage the attention.
    • Group Alerting: Communicating to students that their participation will be observed.
    • Encouraging: Communicating to students that their participation will be observed.
    • Accountability: Using lessons that define behavior.
    • Higher Participation: Using lessons that define behavior.
  • Issue: Preventing misbehavior, Managing movement, Maintaining group focus.

Transition Problems

  • Problem 1: Students talk loudly at the beginning of the period, interrupting the teacher.
  • Solution: Establish a beginning-of-period routine with clear expectations for student behavior. Have a content activity ready for students to begin immediately.
  • Problem 2: Students talk too much during transitions after a seatwork assignment.
  • Solution: Make sure students know what the assignment is. Post it visibly. Start with directed instruction, then circulate to check work.
  • Problem 3: Students stop working long before the end of the period and leave a mess.
  • Solution: Establish an end-of-period routine. Students work until the teacher signals, then clean up assigned areas.
  • Problem 4: Students don't transition between activities, delaying the start of the next.
  • Solution: Establish a routine. Students put away materials before transitioning to the next activity. The teacher should monitor the transition to ensure completion.
  • Problem 5: Some students are slow during transitions.
  • Solution: Don't wait for slow students. Find out why they are struggling and provide support during transition.

Promoting Interdependence and Accountability

  • 6 Ways to Promote Interdependence:
    • Variations in tasks give more students opportunities to contribute.
    • Divide responsibilities among students.
    • Dividing work among themselves.
    • Drill partners (for groups of 2)
    • Teacher assigns roles to ensure everyone contributes.
    • Group assignments received a group grade
  • 9 Ways to Increase Individual Accountability:
    • Ensure each student is responsible for a good amount of work.
    • Groups list each student's contribution.
    • Peer evaluation of group participation.
    • Students record observations in individual notebooks.
    • Turn in individual work with the group work.
    • Students keep a daily record of work.
    • Students provide explanations of individual work.
    • Selected students report on their group work.
    • Students receive a quiz based on the group assignment.

Effective Ways to Monitor Student Behavior

  • Consistency: Maintaining consistent expectations for behavior.
  • Prompt Management of Inappropriate Behavior:
    • High degree of withitness
    • Don't ignore off-task behavior
    • A calm approach is more productive
    • Build a positive climate

Problem Solving and Assertiveness

  • Assertiveness: The ability to stand up for legitimate rights.
  • Constructive Assertiveness: Clear statements for issues, unambiguous body language, insistence on appropriate behavior.
  • Non-Assertive Behavior: Hostile/aggressive, argumentative, inflexible, timid/apathetic.
  • 3 Elements of Assertiveness:
    • Identify the behavior.
    • Describe its effects.
    • Eye contact, but don't be too close.
  • 2 Components of Empathic Responses:
    • Accept the student's expression of feelings
    • Encourage the student to discuss.
  • 4 Approaches when encountering a problem:
    • Ignore
    • Refer (to guidance counsellor, etc)
    • Call for help (administration)
    • Apply solution (appropriate response)
  • 3 Steps for Problem Solving:
    • Address the situation, hear the student's perspective. Select solution.

Goals for Managing Problem Behavior

  • Creating a safe/supportive learning environment
  • Encouraging active engagement in learning
  • Helping students develop self-regulation
  • Minimizing disruptions

Management Strategies

  • Establishing clear rules and strategies
  • Building a positive relationship
  • Using reinforcement
  • Providing situational assistance
  • Monitoring and adjusting instruction
  • Involving students in decision-making

Simple Interventions

  • Redirect students back to appropriate behavior
  • Provide situational assistance
  • Use mild interventions (nonverbal/verbal)

Obtaining Commitment/Conferencing with Parent

  • Methods of communication: Send a note/call home. Parent teacher conference. Daily behavior report card. Communication with parents regarding goal setting.
  • Serious Misbehavior/Chronic Disruption: Refer to school office.

Refocusing Attention/Engaging Activities

  • Nonverbal/Verbal Cues: Use direct appeals, commands, or allow students choices with ownership.
  • Group Alerting: Engaging students (by creating suspense before calling on someone).
  • Maintaining Group Accountability: Notify students of observed performance
  • High Participation Formats: Ensure that all students are involved.
  • Asking Questions: Facilitating discussions.
  • Engaging Activities: Include engaging tasks.
  • Positive Reinforcement: Appreciating effort/focus.
  • Scaffolding: Break down complex tasks.

Modeling Differentiation and Tailoring Instruction

  • Demonstrating a task/concept: Teachers are models.
  • Tailoring Instruction: Meet diverse needs by offering choices in tasks/assignments and collaboration.
  • "I" Messages: Clear communication approach when dealing with student behavior.
  • Moderate/Extensive Interventions: Removing privileges, adjusting teaching methods, or addressing behavior issues.

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