80 Questions
What term refers to changes in body function that are felt by a patient?
Symptoms
Which type of disease spreads from one host to another?
Contagious disease
In the context of infectious diseases, what does incidence refer to?
Number of people who develop a disease at a certain time
What is the term for a specific group of signs and symptoms that accompany a disease?
Syndrome
Which term describes a disease that is not spread from one host to another?
Noncommunicable disease
What do you call changes in the body that can be measured or observed?
Signs
Which term refers to the number of people who develop a disease at a certain time?
Incidence
What type of disease takes into account both old and new cases?
Prevalence
What is the main advantage of herd immunity?
It protects the entire population, including the healthy nonimmunized individuals.
Which type of infection is generally considered more severe?
Systemic infection, as the pathogen spreads throughout the body.
Which of the following is NOT a type of systemic infection?
Cellulitis
How does a primary infection differ from a secondary infection?
Primary infections weaken the immune system, making the host susceptible to secondary infections by opportunistic pathogens.
Which of the following is an example of a predisposing factor for disease?
A weakened immune system due to HIV infection.
What is the relationship between primary and secondary infections?
Primary infections can weaken the immune system and make the host susceptible to secondary opportunistic infections.
Which of the following is NOT a factor that can predispose someone to disease?
The presence of bacteria in the blood
Why is herd immunity less effective for diseases like chickenpox and measles?
Chickenpox and measles are highly contagious and spread easily even in populations with high vaccination rates.
What is the difference between a sporadic disease and an endemic disease?
A sporadic disease occurs randomly, while an endemic disease is constantly present in a population.
Which of the following best describes a pandemic disease?
A worldwide epidemic on a global scale, such as COVID-19 or HIV/AIDS.
What is the main characteristic of a chronic disease?
Symptoms develop slowly, and the disease takes a long time to progress.
Which of the following best describes a latent disease?
A disease where the causative agent is inactive for a time but can later reactivate and produce symptoms.
What is the primary mechanism for achieving herd immunity?
Vaccination of a significant portion of the population.
Which of the following best describes an acute disease?
Symptoms develop rapidly, but the disease lasts only a short time.
What is the primary difference between an epidemic disease and an endemic disease?
An epidemic disease spreads quickly, while an endemic disease is constantly present in a population.
What term describes a disease that occurs occasionally but without a discernible pattern?
Sporadic disease
What is the principal pathogen responsible for gastrointestinal tract infections?
Clostridium difficile
Which of the following is not mentioned as a contributing factor to Emerging Infectious Diseases (EIDs)?
Improved public health measures
What term describes the study of where and when diseases occur and how they are transmitted in populations?
Epidemiology
What does the CDC collect and analyze related to morbidity?
Number of sick people
Which term describes diseases that physicians are required by law to report occurrence to the CDC?
Notifiable diseases
What is the relationship between population and disease studied in?
Epidemiology
Among the listed factors, which one is not mentioned as a cause of Healthcare-Associated Infections?
Rapid urbanization
Which term describes the total number of cases of a disease within a population?
Prevalence
What is the primary way that arthropods transmit diseases?
Biological vector transmission, where the arthropod supports the life cycle of the pathogen in its body
What is the most common source of Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs)?
Improperly cleaned healthcare settings
Which of the following is NOT a key characteristic of Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs)?
Occur in non-hospital clinical environments
What is the term used to describe the process where an arthropod vector supports the life cycle of a pathogen in its body, leading to disease transmission?
Biological vector transmission
Which of the following is NOT a common type of Healthcare-Associated Infection (HAI)?
Skin infections
What is the term used to describe the process where an arthropod vector carries a pathogen on its body, leading to disease transmission?
Passive transport
What percentage of hospital patients are affected by Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs)?
3
Which of the following is NOT a common type of arthropod vector that can transmit diseases?
Butterflies
Which type of infection is localized and limited to a small area of the body?
Primary infection
What type of infection spreads throughout the body, typically via the bloodstream?
Sepsis
Which of the following infections is characterized by the uncontrollable spread of bacteria in the blood?
Bacteremia
What type of infection is most likely to affect the elderly population due to weakened immune systems?
Sepsis
Which factor predisposes individuals to secondary infections by opportunistic pathogens?
Primary infection
Which term describes the spread of viruses in the bloodstream?
Viremia
In which type of infection does the pathogen primarily stay within a small area of the body?
Local infection
Which type of infection may cause acute illness but does not spread throughout the body?
Primary infection
How is zoonotic transmission defined?
Ability to transmit pathogens from animals to humans
What is the primary difference between contact transmission and vehicle transmission of diseases?
Contact transmission requires close association, while vehicle transmission does not
Which route of disease transmission involves a living vector?
Vector transmission
What is an example of a fomite in indirect contact disease transmission?
Cell phone
What is a common route for waterborne disease transmission?
Transmission via contaminated water sources
How is vehicle transmission different from droplet transmission?
Vehicle transmission occurs via airborne droplets less than 1 meter, while droplet transmission occurs via airborne droplets more than 1 meter
What is the primary difference between direct and indirect contact disease transmission?
Direct contact requires close association, while indirect contact does not
Which type of transmission involves contaminated inanimate reservoirs?
Vehicle transmission
What type of disease is constantly present in a population?
Endemic disease
Which term describes a disease that occurs only occasionally with no specific pattern?
Sporadic disease
What category does Influenza fall into based on its symptom development and duration?
Acute disease
Which term refers to diseases that develop slowly with symptoms taking a long time to appear?
Chronic/Persistent disease
What type of immunity is achieved when an entire population is protected against a certain disease?
Herd immunity
Which term describes a disease where the causative agent is inactive for a period before producing symptoms?
Latent disease
In which category do sporadic diseases and endemic diseases fall based on their occurrence?
Constant occurrence
"Shingles" (herpes viridae) is an example of what type of disease?
"Reactivation" of a latent disease
How does biological vector transmission differ from mechanical vector transmission?
Arthropods transmit pathogens via bites in biological vector transmission.
What is the primary way arthropods transmit pathogens in mechanical vector transmission?
By supporting the life cycle of pathogens in their bodies
What is a common source of Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs) according to the text?
Contaminated surgical instruments
Which statement accurately describes a Healthcare-Associated Infection (HAI)?
HAIs are infections acquired in hospital or clinical settings
In what way does biological vector transmission differ from mechanical vector transmission?
Biological vector transmission involves infection through eating contaminated food.
Which statement correctly describes Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs)?
HAIs are infections acquired in healthcare environments.
What method of disease transmission involves passive transfer of pathogens by arthropods?
Mechanical vector transmission
What is a common consequence of Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs) according to CDC data?
Increase in hospital readmissions
What is the main idea behind Koch's Postulates?
To establish a causative relationship between a microbe and a disease
Which of the following statements is true about Koch's Postulates?
They require that the same pathogen must be present in every case of the disease
What theory did Koch's work support?
The Germ Theory of disease
Which of the following is an exception to Koch's Postulates?
Some pathogens can cause several disease conditions
What is the term used to describe the relationship between a microbe and a host, where the host is not harmed?
Normal microbiota
Which of the following is an example of an obligate intracellular parasite?
A virus
What is the term used to describe the process where an arthropod vector carries a pathogen on its body, leading to disease transmission?
Mechanical transmission
Which of the following statements is true about skin and microbes?
Skin shedding and washing help remove some microbes from the skin
Test your knowledge on classifying infectious diseases symptoms, including changes in body function, signs, and syndromes. Learn about different sets of signs and symptoms encountered in infectious diseases.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
