Classifying Infectious Diseases Symptoms Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What term refers to changes in body function that are felt by a patient?

  • Syndrome
  • Symptoms (correct)
  • Involving pathogen
  • Signs

    • Which type of disease spreads from one host to another?

  • Involving pathogen
  • Noncommunicable disease
  • Contagious disease (correct)
  • Syndrome

    • In the context of infectious diseases, what does incidence refer to?

  • Airborne transmission
  • Number of old cases
  • Signs not observed
  • Number of people who develop a disease at a certain time (correct)

    • What is the term for a specific group of signs and symptoms that accompany a disease?

    <p>Syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes a disease that is not spread from one host to another?

    <p>Noncommunicable disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do you call changes in the body that can be measured or observed?

    <p>Signs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the number of people who develop a disease at a certain time?

    <p>Incidence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of disease takes into account both old and new cases?

    <p>Prevalence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of herd immunity?

    <p>It protects the entire population, including the healthy nonimmunized individuals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of infection is generally considered more severe?

    <p>Systemic infection, as the pathogen spreads throughout the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of systemic infection?

    <p>Cellulitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a primary infection differ from a secondary infection?

    <p>Primary infections weaken the immune system, making the host susceptible to secondary infections by opportunistic pathogens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a predisposing factor for disease?

    <p>A weakened immune system due to HIV infection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between primary and secondary infections?

    <p>Primary infections can weaken the immune system and make the host susceptible to secondary opportunistic infections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a factor that can predispose someone to disease?

    <p>The presence of bacteria in the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is herd immunity less effective for diseases like chickenpox and measles?

    <p>Chickenpox and measles are highly contagious and spread easily even in populations with high vaccination rates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between a sporadic disease and an endemic disease?

    <p>A sporadic disease occurs randomly, while an endemic disease is constantly present in a population.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a pandemic disease?

    <p>A worldwide epidemic on a global scale, such as COVID-19 or HIV/AIDS.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of a chronic disease?

    <p>Symptoms develop slowly, and the disease takes a long time to progress.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a latent disease?

    <p>A disease where the causative agent is inactive for a time but can later reactivate and produce symptoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism for achieving herd immunity?

    <p>Vaccination of a significant portion of the population.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes an acute disease?

    <p>Symptoms develop rapidly, but the disease lasts only a short time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between an epidemic disease and an endemic disease?

    <p>An epidemic disease spreads quickly, while an endemic disease is constantly present in a population.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes a disease that occurs occasionally but without a discernible pattern?

    <p>Sporadic disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the principal pathogen responsible for gastrointestinal tract infections?

    <p>Clostridium difficile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not mentioned as a contributing factor to Emerging Infectious Diseases (EIDs)?

    <p>Improved public health measures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the study of where and when diseases occur and how they are transmitted in populations?

    <p>Epidemiology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the CDC collect and analyze related to morbidity?

    <p>Number of sick people</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes diseases that physicians are required by law to report occurrence to the CDC?

    <p>Notifiable diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between population and disease studied in?

    <p>Epidemiology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Among the listed factors, which one is not mentioned as a cause of Healthcare-Associated Infections?

    <p>Rapid urbanization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes the total number of cases of a disease within a population?

    <p>Prevalence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary way that arthropods transmit diseases?

    <p>Biological vector transmission, where the arthropod supports the life cycle of the pathogen in its body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common source of Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs)?

    <p>Improperly cleaned healthcare settings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a key characteristic of Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs)?

    <p>Occur in non-hospital clinical environments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the process where an arthropod vector supports the life cycle of a pathogen in its body, leading to disease transmission?

    <p>Biological vector transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common type of Healthcare-Associated Infection (HAI)?

    <p>Skin infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the process where an arthropod vector carries a pathogen on its body, leading to disease transmission?

    <p>Passive transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of hospital patients are affected by Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs)?

    <p>3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common type of arthropod vector that can transmit diseases?

    <p>Butterflies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of infection is localized and limited to a small area of the body?

    <p>Primary infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of infection spreads throughout the body, typically via the bloodstream?

    <p>Sepsis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following infections is characterized by the uncontrollable spread of bacteria in the blood?

    <p>Bacteremia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of infection is most likely to affect the elderly population due to weakened immune systems?

    <p>Sepsis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor predisposes individuals to secondary infections by opportunistic pathogens?

    <p>Primary infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes the spread of viruses in the bloodstream?

    <p>Viremia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of infection does the pathogen primarily stay within a small area of the body?

    <p>Local infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of infection may cause acute illness but does not spread throughout the body?

    <p>Primary infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is zoonotic transmission defined?

    <p>Ability to transmit pathogens from animals to humans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between contact transmission and vehicle transmission of diseases?

    <p>Contact transmission requires close association, while vehicle transmission does not</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which route of disease transmission involves a living vector?

    <p>Vector transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a fomite in indirect contact disease transmission?

    <p>Cell phone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common route for waterborne disease transmission?

    <p>Transmission via contaminated water sources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is vehicle transmission different from droplet transmission?

    <p>Vehicle transmission occurs via airborne droplets less than 1 meter, while droplet transmission occurs via airborne droplets more than 1 meter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between direct and indirect contact disease transmission?

    <p>Direct contact requires close association, while indirect contact does not</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of transmission involves contaminated inanimate reservoirs?

    <p>Vehicle transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of disease is constantly present in a population?

    <p>Endemic disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes a disease that occurs only occasionally with no specific pattern?

    <p>Sporadic disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What category does Influenza fall into based on its symptom development and duration?

    <p>Acute disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to diseases that develop slowly with symptoms taking a long time to appear?

    <p>Chronic/Persistent disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of immunity is achieved when an entire population is protected against a certain disease?

    <p>Herd immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes a disease where the causative agent is inactive for a period before producing symptoms?

    <p>Latent disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which category do sporadic diseases and endemic diseases fall based on their occurrence?

    <p>Constant occurrence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    "Shingles" (herpes viridae) is an example of what type of disease?

    <p>&quot;Reactivation&quot; of a latent disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does biological vector transmission differ from mechanical vector transmission?

    <p>Arthropods transmit pathogens via bites in biological vector transmission.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary way arthropods transmit pathogens in mechanical vector transmission?

    <p>By supporting the life cycle of pathogens in their bodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common source of Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs) according to the text?

    <p>Contaminated surgical instruments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes a Healthcare-Associated Infection (HAI)?

    <p>HAIs are infections acquired in hospital or clinical settings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way does biological vector transmission differ from mechanical vector transmission?

    <p>Biological vector transmission involves infection through eating contaminated food.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement correctly describes Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs)?

    <p>HAIs are infections acquired in healthcare environments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What method of disease transmission involves passive transfer of pathogens by arthropods?

    <p>Mechanical vector transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common consequence of Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs) according to CDC data?

    <p>Increase in hospital readmissions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main idea behind Koch's Postulates?

    <p>To establish a causative relationship between a microbe and a disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true about Koch's Postulates?

    <p>They require that the same pathogen must be present in every case of the disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What theory did Koch's work support?

    <p>The Germ Theory of disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an exception to Koch's Postulates?

    <p>Some pathogens can cause several disease conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the relationship between a microbe and a host, where the host is not harmed?

    <p>Normal microbiota</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of an obligate intracellular parasite?

    <p>A virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the process where an arthropod vector carries a pathogen on its body, leading to disease transmission?

    <p>Mechanical transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true about skin and microbes?

    <p>Skin shedding and washing help remove some microbes from the skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

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