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Questions and Answers
What is a mixture?
What is an example of a heterogeneous mixture?
Garden Salad
What is an element?
A substance composed of only one kind of atom
What is a colloid?
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What is an example of a homogeneous mixture?
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Which state of matter has a very rigid molecular structure?
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What process turns a solid into a liquid?
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What is the process by which a liquid turns into gas?
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What happens during ionization?
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What is condensation?
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What is sublimation?
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Study Notes
Classifications of Matter
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Mixture: Substance with varying compositions
- Heterogeneous mixture: Components are identifiable; examples include garden salad and trail mix.
- Colloid: Observed as homogeneous but behaves as heterogeneous; examples include milk and styling gel.
- Homogeneous mixture (Solution): Very uniform composition; examples include brine (saltwater) and orange juice drink.
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Pure Substance: Uniform composition
- Element: Composed of only one kind of atom; examples include Darmstadtium (Ds) and Hydrogen (H).
- Compound: Composed of molecules made of two or more elements; examples include Aqua Fortis (HNCO3) and Water (H2O).
Phases of Matter
- Solid: Defined appearance and shape with little to no molecular movement; exhibits a rigid structure. Example: diamond.
- Liquid: Has molecular movement determined by flow rate; takes the shape of its container. Example: glass of lemon juice.
- Gas: High molecular movement; looser structure than liquid and behaves similarly. Example: air.
- Plasma: High molecular movement created from heated gas; gives off colored glow when energizing molecules. Example: neon lights.
Phase Transitions
- Melting: Adding heat to a solid converts it to a liquid (e.g., melting iron).
- Evaporation: Adding heat to a liquid breaks its molecular bonds, converting it to gas (e.g., evaporating saltwater).
- Ionization: Adding heat to a gas charges molecules into ions, forming plasma (e.g., glowing neon gas).
- Recombination (Deionization): Removing heat converts plasma back to gas; example includes neon returning to gaseous state upon cooling.
- Condensation: Transferring energy from gas to surroundings allows gas molecules to bond into a liquid (e.g., water vapor condensing to form clouds).
- Freezing: Transferring heat from liquid to surroundings causes molecules to bond and form a solid (e.g., liquid mercury solidified with liquid nitrogen).
- Sublimation: Adding energy causes a solid to transition directly to gas without becoming liquid.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the classifications of matter including mixtures and pure substances. Explore the differences between heterogeneous and homogeneous mixtures, and gain a deeper understanding of elements and their unique properties. Perfect for science students seeking to master this fundamental concept!
