Classification of Pathogens Flashcards

Simple prokaryotic cells that function metabolically and reproduce, do not have cell walls, and have a complex cell wall structure that enables them to live in different environments.

Bacteria that normally inhabit the body and live cooperatively with it, usually not causing disease.

A bacterial culture can be identified based on its specific growth requirements, and culture media can be created to encourage the growth of some bacteria and inhibit others.

<p>Bacilli: rod shaped, Spiral: includes spirochetes and spirilla, Cocci: spherical in shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diplo: indicate pairs, Strepto: chains, Staphylo: grapelike clusters, Tetrads: cocci grouped in a square of four cells, Palisade: rods lying together in stacks</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The cell wall is a rigid structure that protects the microbe, holds in its contents, and defines its shape.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The cell membrane is a semipermeable membrane that selectively controls the movement of nutrients and other materials in and out of the cell, and is also the site of metabolic processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The capsule or slime layer is a protective layer that offers additional protection to the organism, but is not found on all bacteria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Flagella are long, rotating or waving projections that provide motility, while pili are tiny hair-like structures that assist in attachment to tissue and enable DNA transfer between bacteria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The cytoplasm contains the chromosome, ribosomes, and RNA, and is the site of cellular components and metabolic processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The endospore is a special structure that allows some bacteria to survive in unfavorable conditions, protecting the DNA in a dormant state until external conditions improve.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gram-staining is a method of staining bacteria that is commonly used to identify and classify bacteria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gram-positive bacteria have a thick peptidoglycan layer, stain purple-blue, and have teichoic acids present, with a minimal periplasmic space, making them easier to kill with antibiotics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gram-negative bacteria have a thinner peptidoglycan layer, stain pink, and have lipopolysaccharide present, with a large periplasmic space, making them harder to kill with antibiotics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exotoxins are proteins produced by some bacteria that can cause damage to the host tissues or cells, and can stimulate antibody or antitoxin production.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Endotoxins are lipopolysaccharides located within the Gram-negative cell wall that can cause damage to the host tissues or cells, and are released when the cell lyses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enzymes are proteins produced by some bacteria that can cause damage to the host tissues or cells, and can assist the bacteria in invading tissue by breaking down tissue components.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Obligate aerobes are organisms that require the presence of oxygen to create energy through aerobic respiration pathways.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Obligate anaerobes are organisms that grow only in the absence of oxygen and create energy through anaerobic respiration or fermentation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aerotolerant anaerobes are organisms that cannot use oxygen for energy requirements but can grow in the presence of oxygen.</p> Signup and view all the answers