BIOLOGY QUIZ 10 MEDIUM
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following kingdoms includes single-celled organisms with a nucleus?

  • Protista (correct)
  • Fungi
  • Animalia
  • Monera

Which of the following statements about mitosis and meiosis is correct?

  • Mitosis and meiosis both produce identical cells.
  • Mitosis results in variation among cells.
  • Mitosis results in identical cells. (correct)
  • Meiosis creates identical cells.

All plants are classified under the Animalia kingdom.

False (B)

The X and Y chromosomes determine a person's blood type.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of meiosis?

<p>Producing gametes for reproduction and genetic diversity</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the universal donor blood type?

<p>O</p> Signup and view all the answers

The classification of animals with jointed legs is called ______.

<p>Arthropoda</p> Signup and view all the answers

The _____ of Dominance states that one trait masks the other trait.

<p>Law</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of plants with their classifications:

<p>Bryophyta = Non-vascular plants Gymnosperms = Seed-producing plants with uncovered seeds Angiosperms = Flowering plants that produce seeds inside fruits Pteridophyta = Vascular plants that don’t produce seeds</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of mitosis?

<p>Two identical cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following parts of the blood to their roles:

<p>Plasma = Carries nutrients and waste Red blood cells = Carries oxygen White blood cells = Fights infections Platelets = Helps clot wounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

Honey bees only serve the purpose of honey production.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary benefit of cross-breeding in agriculture?

<p>Stronger crops (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one type of organism found in the Fungi kingdom.

<p>Mushrooms or yeast</p> Signup and view all the answers

Artificial insemination involves the fertilization of eggs outside the body.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one example of an endangered species in Nepal.

<p>Red panda</p> Signup and view all the answers

The phase where duplicated chromosomes align in the middle of the cell during mitosis is called ______.

<p>metaphase</p> Signup and view all the answers

The normal blood pressure is _____ mmHg.

<p>120/80</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a mammal?

<p>Tiger (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method uses advanced tools like CRISPR for genetic manipulation?

<p>Seed selection (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What are Monera?

Single-celled organisms without a nucleus. Examples include bacteria.

What are Protista?

These organisms are single-celled and have a nucleus, like amoebas and paramecia.

What are Fungi?

Fungi are decomposers with cell walls made of chitin. Think mushrooms and yeast.

What are Plantae?

This kingdom includes all plants, which make food through photosynthesis. Examples are mosses and trees.

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What are Animalia?

These organisms depend on others for food. Think humans, birds, and insects.

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What are Bryophytes?

Non-vascular plants like mosses, which need water for reproduction.

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What are Pteridophytes?

Vascular plants that reproduce using spores instead of seeds. Ferns are a good example.

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What are Gymnosperms?

These plants produce uncovered seeds, often found in cones. Examples include pines and firs.

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What are Angiosperms?

These plants produce seeds inside fruits. Roses, wheat, and apples are examples.

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What is Mitosis?

This type of cell division produces two identical cells, helping with growth and repair.

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Mitosis vs. Meiosis

Mitosis creates identical cells, ensuring the genetic material is copied exactly. This is vital for growth and repair. Meiosis, on the other hand, involves shuffling and splitting genetic material, leading to unique combinations in offspring. This is crucial for increasing genetic diversity and ensuring adaptation.

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DNA vs. RNA

DNA stores the genetic blueprint, a double-stranded molecule shaped like a twisted ladder. RNA is a single-stranded molecule that helps build proteins based on DNA's instructions.

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What are chromosomes?

Chromosomes are thread-like structures found within the nucleus of a cell, made up of DNA tightly coiled around proteins. They carry the genetic information passed on from parents to offspring.

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What are sex chromosomes?

Sex chromosomes, X and Y, determine a person's biological sex. Females usually have two X chromosomes (XX), while males have one X and one Y chromosome (XY).

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Mendel's Law of Dominance

Mendel's Law of Dominance states that one trait (dominant) masks the other (recessive) when both are present. For example, if a plant inherits a gene for tall stems (dominant) and a gene for short stems (recessive), it will be tall.

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Mendel's Law of Segregation

Mendel's Law of Segregation says genes separate during reproduction, meaning each parent contributes only one copy of each gene to their offspring. This ensures genetic diversity.

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What is a mono-hybrid cross?

A mono-hybrid cross focuses on how just one trait is inherited. The F1 generation, the first offspring, shows the dominant trait. The F2 generation, from crossing F1 plants, exhibits a 3:1 ratio of dominant to recessive traits.

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Dominant vs. Recessive Traits

Dominant traits are those that appear visibly, even when paired with a recessive trait. Recessive traits only surface when paired with another recessive version of the gene. Imagine tall stems being dominant and short stems recessive.

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Applications of DNA Testing

DNA testing uses genetic markers to identify individuals, diagnose genetic conditions, and assist in forensic investigations. CRISPR is a revolutionary gene editing tool, while AI helps analyze complex genomic data.

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Traditional vs. Advanced Seed Selection

Traditional seed selection involved manually choosing seeds based on desired traits. Advanced methods, like using hybrids and genetically modified seeds, aim for improved yields, pest resistance, and other desirable traits.

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Study Notes

Classification of Living Beings

  • Five-Kingdom Classification: Monera (single-celled, no nucleus, e.g., bacteria), Protista (single-celled, with nucleus, e.g., amoeba), Fungi (decompose, chitin cell walls, e.g., mushrooms), Plantae (photosynthesis, e.g., trees), Animalia (depend on other organisms, e.g., humans).
  • Plantae Kingdom: Bryophyta (non-vascular, e.g., mosses), Pteridophyta (vascular, no seeds, e.g., ferns), Gymnosperms (seeds, uncovered, e.g., pine trees), Angiosperms (seeds inside fruit, e.g., roses).
  • Animalia Kingdom: Porifera (simple pores, e.g., sponges), Cnidaria (stinging cells, e.g., jellyfish), Arthropoda (jointed legs, e.g., insects), Vertebrata (backbone): Pisces (fish), Amphibia (land & water, e.g., frogs), Reptilia (cold-blooded, scales, e.g., snakes), Aves (feathers, beaks, e.g., eagles), Mammalia (fur, mammary glands, e.g., humans).
  • Classification and Evolution: Organisms grouped by shared traits that reveal evolutionary relationships from common ancestors.

Life Cycle and Cell Division

  • Honey Bee Life Cycle: Egg → Larva (fed) → Pupa (develops) → Adult (queen, worker, drone). Uses: Pollination, honey, ecosystem balance.
  • Cell Division: Mitosis (identical cells, growth, repair, asexual reproduction, phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis), Meiosis (unique cells, reproduction, genetic diversity, two divisions).
  • Mitosis vs. Meiosis: Mitosis = 1 division, identical cells; Meiosis = 2 divisions, unique cells.
  • Chromosomes: DNA (genetic info, double-stranded), RNA (helps make proteins, single-stranded), Chromosomes (thread-like DNA carriers), Sex Chromosomes (X & Y determine sex).

Heredity

  • Mendel's Laws: Dominance (one trait masks another), Segregation (genes separate), Monohybrid Crosses (one trait, F1-all dominant, F2-3:1 ratio).
  • Dominant & Recessive Traits: Dominant (appears, e.g., tall), Recessive (hidden, unless paired, e.g., short).

Genetic Technology

  • DNA Testing: Identifying people, finding conditions, solving crimes, CRISPR (gene editing), AI.
  • Seed Selection: Traditional (hand-picking), Advanced (hybrids, GMO-better crops).
  • Cross-Breeding: Stronger crops, pest resistance, but can reduce biodiversity.
  • Artificial Insemination: Sperm to female, IVF (egg fertilization outside body).

Human Blood Circulatory System

  • Blood: Plasma, red/white blood cells, platelets. Role: Carries oxygen, fights infection, clotting.
  • Heart: Four chambers (2 atria, 2 ventricles), valves (one-way blood flow).
  • Blood Vessels: Arteries (oxygen-rich), Veins (oxygen-poor), Capillaries (gas/nutrient exchange).
  • Blood Circulation: Pulmonary (heart-lungs), Systemic (heart-body).
  • Blood Groups: A, B, AB, O. Universal donor (O), Universal recipient (AB).
  • Blood Pressure: Normal is 120/80 mmHg, Uric Acid: Too much can cause gout, manage with diet.

Nature and Environment

  • Climate Change: Causes (greenhouse gases, deforestation, factories), Effects (higher temps, extreme weather), Solutions (trees, renewable energy, emissions reduction).
  • Endangered Species in Nepal: Red panda, snow leopard, one-horned rhino. Protection: Preserve habitat, stop poaching.
  • Herbal Medicines: Holy basil (colds), aloe vera (burns), neem (antibacterial), use: safe, eco-friendly remedies.

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