Questions and Answers
Plants are classified in the domain ___ and the kingdom ____
Eukarya, Plantae
Plants are ________ eukaryotes with cell walls made of _____
multicellular, cellulose
Plants are ___ and most are _____
autotrophs, photosynthetic
Plants are composed of organs such as ____, ____, and ____
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Most plants reproduce by '_________'
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Plants reproduce _____ and _____
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Male gametophytes form ____
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Female gametophytes produce a ___
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What are examples of members of the kingdom Plantae?
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Fungi are classified in the domain __, Kingdom _____
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Fungi are ____ with cell walls made of _____
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Fungi are ____ and most are ____
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Where can fungi get their energy from?
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Fungi are composed of filament called _____
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Mushrooms are ______ _____
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Fungi reproduce __ and ___
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How do Fungi reproduce?
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What are examples from the kingdom Fungi?
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What are examples of helpful fungi?
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What are examples of harmful fungi?
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Bacteria are classified in kingdoms ___ or __
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Bacteria are __
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Bacteria are very small and ___
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What three shapes are bacteria classified in?
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How do bacteria reproduce?
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What are examples of helpful bacteria?
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What is an example from the kingdom Bacteria?
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How do viruses reproduce?
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Viruses are composed of ___ or ___
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What is an example of a virus?
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To group ideas, information, or objects based on similarities is to ____
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What is the science of classifying and naming organisms?
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Who is the Swedish botanist who developed the naming system?
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What are the three domains?
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What are the kingdoms?
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What are the levels of classification?
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Animals are classified in the domain ___ and kingdom ___
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All animals are ____, multicellular ____
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What are 7 functions do animals carry out?
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Most animals exhibit what three body symmetry?
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Complex animals exhibit ___ and ____
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Animals that have no backbone or vertebral column are called ____
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How much of the animal kingdom are invertebrates?
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Tell me about Phylum Porifera.
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Tell me about Phylum Cnidaria.
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Study Notes
Classification of Living Organisms
- Plants belong to the domain Eukarya and the kingdom Plantae.
- Fungi are classified under the domain Eukarya and the kingdom Fungi.
- Bacteria are found in either the Eubacteria or Archaebacteria kingdoms.
- Viruses are not classified within the traditional kingdoms as they are acellular and require host cells to reproduce.
Characteristics of Plants
- Plants are multicellular eukaryotes with cellulose-based cell walls.
- They are autotrophic and primarily photosynthetic, converting sunlight into energy.
- Key plant structures include roots, stems, and leaves.
- Reproduction in plants occurs through "alteration of generations," involving both asexual and sexual reproduction.
Plant Reproductive Structures
- Male gametophytes develop into pollen grains.
- Female gametophytes produce seeds.
- Examples of plants in the kingdom Plantae include trees, grasses, ferns, mosses, flowers, fruits, and vegetables.
Characteristics of Fungi
- Fungi are eukaryotic organisms with cell walls made of chitin.
- They are typically multicellular heterotrophs, obtaining nutrients via absorption from hosts, mutualistic relationships, or decomposing dead material.
- Fungi consist of hyphae, filamentous structures that contribute to their growth.
- Mushrooms are specialized reproductive structures known as fruiting bodies.
Fungal Reproduction
- Fungi reproduce both asexually (e.g., budding and fragmentation) and sexually, often through spore production.
- Examples of fungi include earthstar fungi, jelly fungi, mildew, and yeast.
- Beneficial fungi are used in food production, agriculture, and medicine (e.g., antibiotics), while harmful fungi can cause diseases and spoilage.
Characteristics of Bacteria
- Bacteria are prokaryotic, unicellular organisms that can be classified by shape into rods, spheres, or spirals.
- They reproduce quickly and asexually through a process known as binary fission.
- Helpful bacteria play crucial roles as decomposers in ecosystems, aiding nutrient cycling.
Viruses and Their Characteristics
- Viruses consist of either DNA or RNA enclosed in a protein coat and reproduce by infecting host cells.
- An example of a virus includes the mumps virus.
Taxonomy and Classification
- Taxonomy is the science of classifying and naming organisms to group them based on similarities.
- Carl Linnaeus is recognized for developing the system of naming organisms.
- The three domains of life are Archaea, Eubacteria, and Eukarya.
- The kingdoms include bacteria, protists, fungi, animals, and plants.
- The levels of classification from broad to specific are: kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species.
Characteristics of Animals
- Animals belong to the domain Eukarya and the kingdom Animalia.
- All animals are heterotrophic, multicellular eukaryotes.
- They perform seven essential functions: feeding, respiration, circulation, excretion, response, movement, and reproduction.
- Animals exhibit three types of body symmetry: asymmetry, radial symmetry, and bilateral symmetry.
- Complex animals can show cephalization (development of a head) and segmentation (division of the body into parts).
Invertebrates
- Invertebrates are animals without a backbone, constituting approximately 95% of the animal kingdom.
- Phylum Porifera includes sponges, characterized by numerous pores and lack of a true mouth or gut.
- Phylum Cnidaria comprises simple, soft-bodied, carnivorous organisms often equipped with stinging cells.
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Description
Explore the fascinating world of plants with these flashcards focused on their classification and characteristics. Each card presents key terms and definitions related to plant biology, including their cellular structure and nutritional processes. Perfect for students wanting to deepen their understanding of the plant kingdom.