Classification of Life Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What is the process of grouping things based upon?

  • Biology
  • Classification (correct)
  • Nomenclature
  • Taxonomy

    • What is taxonomy?

    The study of how organisms are classified based on structural characteristics and genetic comparisons.

    What is binominal nomenclature?

    Giving each organism a two-word scientific name using their genus and species.

    What does taxa (Taxon) refer to?

    <p>Classification groups: domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Prokaryotic organisms have a nucleus.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Eukaryotic cells are characterized by the presence of membrane-bound organelles.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a heterotroph?

    <p>An organism that needs to eat for food/energy; also known as a consumer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an autotroph?

    <p>An organism that can make its own food/energy; also known as a producer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A unicellular organism consists of multiple cells.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Multicellular organisms are composed of many cells.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What domain includes the kingdom Archaebacteria?

    <p>Archaea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What domain includes the kingdom Eubacteria?

    <p>Bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What domain includes kingdoms of all eukaryotes?

    <p>Eukarya</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes Archaebacteria?

    <p>No nucleus, unicellular; they are some of the first life forms on Earth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the characteristics of Eubacteria?

    <p>No nucleus, unicellular; common bacteria found today.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kingdom is characterized by having a nucleus and is unicellular?

    <p>Protista</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the characteristics of fungi?

    <p>Have a nucleus, heterotrophs, mostly multicellular; cell walls are made of chitin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the characteristics of Plantae?

    <p>Have a nucleus, autotrophs, multicellular; cell walls made of cellulose.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the characteristics of Animalia?

    <p>Have a nucleus, heterotrophs, multicellular; no cell walls.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'primitive' refer to in biological terms?

    <p>First or earliest; simplest.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a cladogram?

    <p>A tree-like diagram that shows relationships between organisms with a common ancestor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many different organisms have scientists discovered and named?

    <p>2 million</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'taxa' refer to?

    <p>Groups organisms are placed in, created by Linnaeus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Order the classification from smallest to largest taxa: ___; phylum; class; order; family; genus; species.

    <p>Kingdom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the smallest and most specific category in classification?

    <p>Species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a genus?

    <p>A classification that includes two organisms that are quite similar.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Species are defined as organisms with different shapes and structures.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a scientific name composed of?

    <p>Genus and species.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What comparisons more accurately tell how closely related organisms are?

    <p>Comparisons of DNA or proteins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the domain to which organisms belong?

    <p>The complexity of their cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are kingdoms based on?

    <p>Organisms in the same kingdom share several important characteristics, such as cell structure or how they obtain and use energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What language is used to give scientific names of all living things?

    <p>Latin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the largest group in the current system of classification?

    <p>Domain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Taxon includes a larger number of species?

    <p>Phylum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Classification and Taxonomy

    • Classification refers to grouping organisms based on shared characteristics.
    • Taxonomy is the scientific study focused on classifying organisms through structural traits and genetic data.

    Naming Organisms

    • Binomial nomenclature is a two-word naming system for organisms, combining genus and species names.
    • Scientific names are typically derived from Latin.

    Taxonomic Hierarchy

    • Organisms are categorized in a hierarchical system: domain > kingdom > phylum > class > order > family > genus > species.
    • The smallest taxonomic unit is species, defined by organisms' ability to reproduce and create fertile offspring.

    Cellular Structure

    • Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, exemplified by bacteria.
    • Eukaryotic cells contain a nucleus and organelles, represented by plants and animals.

    Nutrition Types

    • Heterotrophs obtain food by consuming other organisms, known as consumers.
    • Autotrophs produce their own energy through processes like photosynthesis, recognized as producers.

    Organism Types

    • Unicellular organisms consist of a single cell, while multicellular organisms are composed of multiple cells.

    Domains of Life

    • Archaea is a domain that encompasses the kingdom Archaebacteria, consisting of unicellular organisms without a nucleus.
    • Bacteria includes the kingdom Eubacteria, representing common unicellular bacteria.
    • Eukarya includes all eukaryotic organisms, subdivided into kingdoms: Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia.

    Kingdom Characteristics

    • Archaebacteria: unicellular, no nucleus, resembles early Earth life forms.
    • Eubacteria: unicellular, no nucleus, includes common modern bacteria.
    • Protista: eukaryotic and mostly unicellular organisms.
    • Fungi: eukaryotic, heterotrophic, largely multicellular, with cell walls made of chitin.
    • Plantae: eukaryotic, autotrophic, multicellular, with cell walls made of cellulose; includes mosses and flowering plants.
    • Animalia: eukaryotic, multicellular, heterotrophic, no cell walls; includes diverse life forms from sponges to mammals.

    Evolutionary Relationships

    • Cladograms visually represent evolutionary relationships among organisms, showing common ancestors.

    Scientific Progress

    • Approximately 2 million species recognized; the discovery of new organisms is an ongoing process.
    • DNA and protein comparisons provide deeper insights into the relationships between organisms.

    Language and Classification

    • Latin is the standardized language for formatting scientific names.
    • Domains represent the broadest category in current classification systems, including prokaryotes (no nucleus) and eukaryotes (with nucleus).

    Taxonomic Confusion

    • Phylum includes more organisms than the order, as it is a broader category within the classification hierarchy.

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    Description

    Flashcards covering key terms in classification of life, including taxonomy, binominal nomenclature, and taxa.

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