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Questions and Answers
What is the structural classification of joints based on?
What is the structural classification of joints based on?
- The type of synovial fluid
- The number of bones
- The material that connects the joints (correct)
- The amount of movement
What does the functional classification of joints relate to?
What does the functional classification of joints relate to?
- Joint size
- Joint color
- Amount of movement at the joint (correct)
- Type of cartilage
What are the structural joint categories?
What are the structural joint categories?
Fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial
What are the functional joint categories?
What are the functional joint categories?
What type of joints are held tightly together by thin fibrous connective tissue?
What type of joints are held tightly together by thin fibrous connective tissue?
What are the types of fibrous joints?
What are the types of fibrous joints?
Where do sutures occur?
Where do sutures occur?
What is the development sequence of sutures?
What is the development sequence of sutures?
What is syndesmosis?
What is syndesmosis?
Give an example of syndesmosis.
Give an example of syndesmosis.
What is gomphosis?
What is gomphosis?
What are the types of cartilaginous joints?
What are the types of cartilaginous joints?
What characterizes cartilaginous joints?
What characterizes cartilaginous joints?
Define synchondrosis.
Define synchondrosis.
What are temporary structures that disappear during growth?
What are temporary structures that disappear during growth?
Where can permanent synchondrosis be found?
Where can permanent synchondrosis be found?
What is symphysis?
What is symphysis?
Give examples of symphysis.
Give examples of symphysis.
What characterizes synovial joints?
What characterizes synovial joints?
What is the etymology of synarthrodial?
What is the etymology of synarthrodial?
What is the etymology of synchondrosis?
What is the etymology of synchondrosis?
What is the etymology of syndesmosis?
What is the etymology of syndesmosis?
What is the etymology of suture?
What is the etymology of suture?
What is the etymology of amphiarthrodial?
What is the etymology of amphiarthrodial?
What is the etymology of diarthrodial?
What is the etymology of diarthrodial?
What are synarthrodial joints?
What are synarthrodial joints?
What are amphiarthrodial joints?
What are amphiarthrodial joints?
What are diarthrodial joints?
What are diarthrodial joints?
What are the types of movements allowed by diarthrodial joints?
What are the types of movements allowed by diarthrodial joints?
All synovial joints are classified as what type of joints?
All synovial joints are classified as what type of joints?
What are the types of synovial joints?
What are the types of synovial joints?
What are monaxial joints?
What are monaxial joints?
Give examples of monaxial joints.
Give examples of monaxial joints.
What are biaxial joints?
What are biaxial joints?
Give examples of biaxial joints.
Give examples of biaxial joints.
What are triaxial joints?
What are triaxial joints?
Give examples of triaxial joints.
Give examples of triaxial joints.
What type of joint is the interphalangeal joint and what movements does it allow?
What type of joint is the interphalangeal joint and what movements does it allow?
What type of joint is the meta-phalangeal joint and what movements does it allow?
What type of joint is the meta-phalangeal joint and what movements does it allow?
What type of joint is the ankle joint and what movements does it allow?
What type of joint is the ankle joint and what movements does it allow?
What type of joint is the subtalar joint and what movements does it allow?
What type of joint is the subtalar joint and what movements does it allow?
What type of joint is the knee joint and what movements does it allow?
What type of joint is the knee joint and what movements does it allow?
What type of joint is the hip joint and what movements does it allow?
What type of joint is the hip joint and what movements does it allow?
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Study Notes
Structural vs. Functional Classification of Joints
- Structural classification categorizes joints based on the type of material linking them, namely fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial.
- Functional classification focuses on the range of movement at a joint, divided into synarthrodial (immovable), amphiarthrodial (slightly movable), and diarthrodial (freely movable) joints.
Types of Joints
- Fibrous Joints: Connected by thin fibrous connective tissue, ensuring tight binding.
- Cartilaginous Joints: Fastened by articular hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage.
- Synovial Joints: Characterized by complex structures allowing various movements.
Examples of Joints
- Sutures: Found between flat bones of the skull; develop from fontanels to sutural ligaments and interdigitations.
- Syndesmosis: Involves long fibers connecting bones, such as the inferior tibiofibular joint and the connection between the radius and ulna.
- Gomphosis: Joint between teeth roots and jawbone via the periodontal ligament.
- Synchondrosis: Joint bound by hyaline cartilage, temporary structures like the epiphyseal plate or permanent structures like between the sternum and first rib.
- Symphysis: Articular surfaces with fibrocartilage pads in between, examples include intervertebral discs and the pubic symphysis.
Types of Movements in Synovial Joints
- Diarthrodial joints allow extensive movement; categorized into hinge, gliding, condyloid, pivot, saddle, and ball & socket types.
- Monaxial (uniaxial) joints allow movement in one plane (e.g., hinge and pivot), while biaxial joints permit movement in two planes (e.g., gliding, condyloid, saddle). Triaxial joints allow for movement in three or more planes (e.g., ball & socket).
Specific Joint Movements
- Interphalangeal Joint: Hinge type; allows flexion and extension.
- Metatarsophalangeal Joint: Condyloid type; allows various movements including flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and circumduction.
- Ankle Joint: Talotibial, a hinge joint permitting dorsiflexion and plantar flexion.
- Subtalar Joint: Talocalcaneal; functions as a gliding joint structurally, allowing supination and pronation functionally.
- Knee Joint: Tibiofemoral, modified hinge joint granting complex movements including flexion, extension, and internal/external rotation when flexed.
- Hip Joint: Illiofemoral, a ball & socket joint, enabling a wide range of movements like flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and internal/external rotation.
Etymology of Joint Types
- Synarthrodial: From "syn-" (together) and "arthron" (joint), indicating immovable nature.
- Amphiarthrodial: From "amphi-" (on both sides) and "arthon" (joint), indicating slight mobility.
- Diarthrodial: From "dia-" (through) and "arthron" (joint), indicating freely movable joints.
- Suture: From "sutura" (sewing together), relevant in cranial joints.
- Syndesmosis: From "desmos" (band or ligament), denoting the fibrous connections.
- Synchondrosis: From "chondros" (cartilage), emphasizing cartilaginous connections.
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