Classification of Joints Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What is the structural classification of joints based on?

The type of synovial fluid

The number of bones

The material that connects the joints (correct)

The amount of movement

What does the functional classification of joints relate to?

Joint size

Joint color

Amount of movement at the joint (correct)

Type of cartilage

What are the structural joint categories?

Fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial

What are the functional joint categories?

Synarthrodial, amphiarthrodial, diarthrodial Signup and view all the answers

What type of joints are held tightly together by thin fibrous connective tissue?

Fibrous joints Signup and view all the answers

What are the types of fibrous joints?

Sutures, syndesmosis, gomphosis Signup and view all the answers

Where do sutures occur?

Between flat bones of the skull Signup and view all the answers

What is the development sequence of sutures?

Fontanels > thin sutural ligaments > interdigitations Signup and view all the answers

What is syndesmosis?

Bones are bound together by relatively long fibers of connective tissue or ligament. Signup and view all the answers

Give an example of syndesmosis.

Inferior tibiofibular articulation, inferior radius and ulna Signup and view all the answers

What is gomphosis?

Articulation of roots of teeth with mandible and maxilla via the periodontal ligament. Signup and view all the answers

What are the types of cartilaginous joints?

Synchondrosis, symphysis Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes cartilaginous joints?

Fastened together by articular hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage. Signup and view all the answers

Define synchondrosis.

Bones are bound together by bands of hyaline cartilage. Signup and view all the answers

What are temporary structures that disappear during growth?

Synchondrosis joints (e.g., epiphyseal plate) Signup and view all the answers

Where can permanent synchondrosis be found?

Between the sternum and first rib; costal cartilage Signup and view all the answers

What is symphysis?

Articular surfaces covered by a thin layer of hyaline cartilage, with a resilient fibrocartilage pad in between. Signup and view all the answers

Give examples of symphysis.

Intervertebral cartilage, symphysis pubis Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes synovial joints?

Most complex joint structures (by function). Signup and view all the answers

What is the etymology of synarthrodial?

Syn- together; arthron-joint Signup and view all the answers

What is the etymology of synchondrosis?

Syn- together; chondros- cartilage Signup and view all the answers

What is the etymology of syndesmosis?

Syn- together; desmos- band or ligament Signup and view all the answers

What is the etymology of suture?

Sutura- a sewing together Signup and view all the answers

What is the etymology of amphiarthrodial?

Amphi- on both sides; arthon-joint Signup and view all the answers

What is the etymology of diarthrodial?

Dia- through; arthron-joint Signup and view all the answers

What are synarthrodial joints?

Immovable joints (examples: Fibrous: suture, gomphosis; Cartilaginous: synchondrosis) Signup and view all the answers

What are amphiarthrodial joints?

Slightly movable (examples: Fibrous: syndesmosis; cartilaginous: symphysis) Signup and view all the answers

What are diarthrodial joints?

Freely movable Signup and view all the answers

What are the types of movements allowed by diarthrodial joints?

Hinge, glide, condyloid, pivot, saddle, ball & socket Signup and view all the answers

All synovial joints are classified as what type of joints?

Diarthrodial joints Signup and view all the answers

What are the types of synovial joints?

Monaxial/uniaxial, biaxial, triaxial Signup and view all the answers

What are monaxial joints?

Joints that permit movement in one plane. Signup and view all the answers

Give examples of monaxial joints.

Hinge, pivot Signup and view all the answers

What are biaxial joints?

Joints that permit movement in 2 planes. Signup and view all the answers

Give examples of biaxial joints.

Gliding, condyloid, saddle Signup and view all the answers

What are triaxial joints?

Joints that permit movement in 3 or more planes. Signup and view all the answers

Give examples of triaxial joints.

Ball & socket Signup and view all the answers

What type of joint is the interphalangeal joint and what movements does it allow?

Hinge; flexion, extension Signup and view all the answers

What type of joint is the meta-phalangeal joint and what movements does it allow?

Condyloid; flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction Signup and view all the answers

What type of joint is the ankle joint and what movements does it allow?

Hinge; dorsiflexion, plantar flexion Signup and view all the answers

What type of joint is the subtalar joint and what movements does it allow?

Gliding (structurally), hinge (functionally); supination, pronation Signup and view all the answers

What type of joint is the knee joint and what movements does it allow?

Modified hinge; flexion, extension, external and internal rotation (when flexed) Signup and view all the answers

What type of joint is the hip joint and what movements does it allow?

Ball & socket; flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, external rotation, internal rotation Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Structural vs. Functional Classification of Joints

Structural classification categorizes joints based on the type of material linking them, namely fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial.
Functional classification focuses on the range of movement at a joint, divided into synarthrodial (immovable), amphiarthrodial (slightly movable), and diarthrodial (freely movable) joints.

Types of Joints

Fibrous Joints: Connected by thin fibrous connective tissue, ensuring tight binding.
Cartilaginous Joints: Fastened by articular hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage.
Synovial Joints: Characterized by complex structures allowing various movements.

Examples of Joints

Sutures: Found between flat bones of the skull; develop from fontanels to sutural ligaments and interdigitations.
Syndesmosis: Involves long fibers connecting bones, such as the inferior tibiofibular joint and the connection between the radius and ulna.
Gomphosis: Joint between teeth roots and jawbone via the periodontal ligament.
Synchondrosis: Joint bound by hyaline cartilage, temporary structures like the epiphyseal plate or permanent structures like between the sternum and first rib.
Symphysis: Articular surfaces with fibrocartilage pads in between, examples include intervertebral discs and the pubic symphysis.

Types of Movements in Synovial Joints

Diarthrodial joints allow extensive movement; categorized into hinge, gliding, condyloid, pivot, saddle, and ball & socket types.
Monaxial (uniaxial) joints allow movement in one plane (e.g., hinge and pivot), while biaxial joints permit movement in two planes (e.g., gliding, condyloid, saddle). Triaxial joints allow for movement in three or more planes (e.g., ball & socket).

Specific Joint Movements

Interphalangeal Joint: Hinge type; allows flexion and extension.
Metatarsophalangeal Joint: Condyloid type; allows various movements including flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and circumduction.
Ankle Joint: Talotibial, a hinge joint permitting dorsiflexion and plantar flexion.
Subtalar Joint: Talocalcaneal; functions as a gliding joint structurally, allowing supination and pronation functionally.
Knee Joint: Tibiofemoral, modified hinge joint granting complex movements including flexion, extension, and internal/external rotation when flexed.
Hip Joint: Illiofemoral, a ball & socket joint, enabling a wide range of movements like flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and internal/external rotation.

Etymology of Joint Types

Synarthrodial: From "syn-" (together) and "arthron" (joint), indicating immovable nature.
Amphiarthrodial: From "amphi-" (on both sides) and "arthon" (joint), indicating slight mobility.
Diarthrodial: From "dia-" (through) and "arthron" (joint), indicating freely movable joints.
Suture: From "sutura" (sewing together), relevant in cranial joints.
Syndesmosis: From "desmos" (band or ligament), denoting the fibrous connections.
Synchondrosis: From "chondros" (cartilage), emphasizing cartilaginous connections.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the structural and functional classification of joints with these informative flashcards. Explore the key categories including fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial joints, as well as their movement capabilities. Perfect for students studying anatomy or related fields.