Classification of Hydrocarbons Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What are hydrocarbons?

Organic compounds that are the simplest type that contain only hydrogen and carbon atoms.

What are chain aliphatic hydrocarbons?

Compounds consisting of carbons linked either in a single chain or in a branched chain.

What are cyclic hydrocarbons?

Aliphatic compounds that have carbon atoms linked in a closed polygon.

What are alkanes?

Carbons that contain only one carbon to carbon single bond. Signup and view all the answers

What are alkenes?

Hydrocarbons containing at least one carbon-carbon double bond. Signup and view all the answers

What are alkynes?

Compounds with at least one carbon to carbon triple bond. Signup and view all the answers

What does aromatic refer to in hydrocarbons?

Cyclic hydrocarbons that contain a closed loop of electrons. Signup and view all the answers

What are propane and butane used for?

Used for heating or cooking purposes. Signup and view all the answers

What happens when bromine reacts with alkanes?

Alkanes do not react with bromine, so the red color will persist. Signup and view all the answers

How do alkenes react with concentrated sulfuric acid?

Alkenes react with cold concentrated sulfuric acid by addition. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the experiment discussed?

To demonstrate the chemical reactivity comparison of an alkene, alkane, and an aromatic compound. Signup and view all the answers

Why does oil spread quickly on the surface of water during an oil spill?

Because oil and oil products are insoluble in water. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Hydrocarbons

Organic compounds composed exclusively of hydrogen and carbon atoms.
Insoluble in water but mix well with non-polar solvents.
Most hydrocarbons have a density lower than water.
Crude oil and its products consist of various hydrocarbon mixtures.

Chain Aliphatic Hydrocarbons

Comprised of carbon atoms linked in straight or branched chains.

Cyclic Hydrocarbons

Feature carbon atoms connected in a closed-loop or polygon structure.

Alkanes

Characterized by the presence of only single carbon-carbon bonds.
Also known as saturated hydrocarbons due to the lack of double or triple bonds.

Alkenes

Defined by the presence of at least one carbon-carbon double bond.
Considered unsaturated due to their ability to form additional bonds.

Alkynes

Contain at least one carbon-carbon triple bond.
Classified as unsaturated compounds due to the presence of triple bonds.

Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Cyclic structures housing a closed loop of electrons.
Known for their stability and resistance to reactions.
React only with bromine in the presence of catalysts like iron fillings or aluminum chloride.

Propane and Butane

Commonly used as fuels for heating or cooking.
Combustion of these hydrocarbons results in carbon dioxide and water.

Bromine Reaction

Bromine solution is red; a loss of color in the presence of hydrocarbons indicates a reaction.
Alkanes do not react with bromine, maintaining the red color.

Reactions with Concentrated Sulfuric Acid

Alkenes undergo addition reactions with cold concentrated sulfuric acid.
Saturated hydrocarbons (alkanes) and aromatic compounds are generally unreactive with sulfuric acid.

Purpose of Experiment

Demonstrates chemical reactivity differences among alkenes, alkanes, and aromatics using various reagents.
Investigates physical properties, solubility, and density of selected hydrocarbons.
Aims to use physical and chemical properties for identifying unknown substances.

Oil Spills

Oil slicks develop when hydrocarbons spill in water, spreading rapidly at the surface.
This occurs due to their insolubility in water, allowing them to float and spread.

Description

Explore the realm of hydrocarbons through these flashcards that define essential concepts in organic chemistry. Understand the differences between various types of hydrocarbons, including chain aliphatic hydrocarbons and their properties. Ideal for students studying organic compound classifications.