Classification of Human Acts: Elicited Acts
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Questions and Answers

What is the purposive tendency of the will towards a thing regarded as realized, whether the thing is actually done or not?

  • Consent
  • Wish
  • Election
  • Intention (correct)

    • Which act involves the enjoyment of a thing willed and done?

  • Use
  • Election
  • Fruition (correct)
  • Consent

    • If someone consents to the necessary preparation for a journey, which kind of act are they engaging in?

  • Intention
  • Election
  • Wish
  • Consent (correct)

    • Which act involves the employment by the will of power to carry out its intention by the means elected?

    <p>Use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the selection by the will of the precise means to be employed in carrying out an intention?

    <p>Election</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If someone enjoys when a willed action is accomplished, what kind of act are they experiencing?

    <p>Fruition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is perfect voluntariness in a human act?

    <p>When the agent fully knows and fully intends the act</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes imperfect voluntariness in a human act?

    <p>A defect in the agent's knowledge or intention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what kind of voluntariness does an agent perform a human act whether they like it or not?

    <p>Direct voluntariness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is conditional voluntariness in a human act?

    <p>Wishing to do something other than the current action with repugnance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes direct voluntariness from indirect voluntariness in human acts?

    <p>Willing the action itself versus willing a foreseen result of another action</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of voluntariness involves the agent willing to do something other than what is actually being done, but with dislike?

    <p>Conditional voluntariness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of ignorance is described as conquerable and should be replaced by knowledge?

    <p>Vincible ignorance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of the text, what kind of ignorance results from a total or near-total lack of effort to dispel it?

    <p>Crass ignorance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What situation does the text describe where a hunter mistakenly kills game one day before the hunting season starts?

    <p>Violating game-laws unknowingly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What penalty does the text mention for a motorist who violates the speed-law in a particular locality?

    <p>Short prison term</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What misconception does the text highlight about the penalty for a freshman leaving the campus?

    <p>Admonition only</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the text describe as ignorance that is either vincible or invincible?

    <p>Ignorance of penalty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is an agent responsible for the evil effect of a cause directly willed?

    <p>When the agent can foresee the evil effect, is free to refrain from causing it, and is morally bound not to cause it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Interpretative Indirect Voluntariness described as in the text?

    <p>A consequence of another act directly willed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of the text, what must be fulfilled for an agent to be responsible for an evil effect?

    <p>The agent must be morally bound not to do that which causes the evil effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When may one perform an act with both good and evil effects, according to the text?

    <p>When there is a grave reason calling for the act's good effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must an agent be able to do in order to be responsible for an evil effect, as per the text?

    <p>Agent must be able to foresee the evil effect, at least in a general way</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Interpretative Indirect Voluntariness involve?

    <p>An act that is an effect foreseen of another act directly willed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of voluntariness is present when a man kills a rabbit for dinner?

    <p>Positive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of human act is negative voluntariness present?

    <p>Omitting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of voluntariness is present in a human act willed here and now?

    <p>Actual</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of human act is virtual voluntariness present?

    <p>Result of an actual intention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of voluntariness is present in a human act done in harmony with an unrevoked actual intention?

    <p>Habitual</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of voluntariness is interpretative involuntariness based on?

    <p>Prudence and common sense</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Human Acts

    • Human acts can be classified into two categories: Elicited Acts and Commanded Acts.

    Elicited Acts

    • Wish: a simple love or desire for something (e.g., "I wish it would rain.")
    • Intention: a purposive tendency of the will towards a thing, whether realized or not (e.g., "I am going to Europe next summer.")
    • Consent: acceptance by the will of the means necessary to carry out an intention (e.g., consenting to prepare for a trip to Europe)
    • Election: selection by the will of the precise means to be employed in carrying out an intention (e.g., choosing to travel by ship or airplane to Europe)
    • Use: employment by the will of power to carry out its intention by the means elected (e.g., using faculties to prepare for a trip to Europe)
    • Fruition: enjoyment of a thing willed and done (e.g., enjoying a trip to Europe)

    Commanded Acts

    • Formal essential quality of a human act requires knowledge and freedom in the agent (e.g., a Catholic aware of their obligation to attend Mass on Sunday)
    • Constituents of a human act:
      • Knowledge (awareness of the obligation)
      • Freedom (physical freedom to perform or not perform the duty)
      • Voluntariness (willingness to do one's duty)

    Voluntariness of Human Acts

    • Kinds or degrees of voluntariness:
      • Perfect and Imperfect (presence or absence of full knowledge and intention)
      • Simple and Conditional (performance of an act with or without reluctance)
      • Direct and Indirect (willing an act in itself or as a result of another act)
      • Ignorance of penalty (lack of knowledge of the precise sanction for an act)

    Ignorance

    • Ignorance in its subject:
      • Vincible ignorance (ignorance that can be dispelled by ordinary diligence)
      • Supine (crass) ignorance (ignorance resulting from a lack of effort to dispel it)
    • Habitual ignorance (ignorance in the person in whom it exists, e.g., a person unaware of their habitual inclination or disinclination for a particular act)

    Ethical Questions

    • When is an agent responsible for the evil effect of a cause directly willed?
      • The agent must be able to foresee the evil effect
      • The agent must be free to refrain from doing the cause of the evil effect
      • The agent must be morally bound not to do the cause of the evil effect
    • When may one perform an act, not evil in itself, from which flow two effects, one good and one evil?
      • The evil effect must not precede the good effect
      • There must be a reason sufficiently grave calling for the act in its good effect

    Positive and Negative Voluntariness

    • Positive voluntariness: present in a human act of doing, performing (e.g., a Catholic attending Mass on Sunday)
    • Negative voluntariness: present in a human act of omitting, refraining from doing (e.g., a Catholic deliberately missing Mass on Sunday)

    Actual, Virtual, Habitual, and Interpretative Voluntariness

    • Actual voluntariness: present in a human act willed here and now (e.g., making a morning offering)
    • Virtual voluntariness: present in a human act done as a result of a formerly elicited actual intention (e.g., making a morning offering and then forgetting it)
    • Habitual voluntariness: present in a human act done in harmony with, but not as a result of, a formerly elicited and unrevoked actual intention (e.g., making a morning offering and then not revoking it)
    • Interpretative voluntariness: present in a human act that would be actually present if opportunity or ability for it were given (e.g., a person making an actual intention to become a Catholic and then being baptized when unconscious)

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    Description

    Explore the classification of human acts as elicited acts including wish, intention, and consent. Understand the definitions and examples of each category to enhance your knowledge of human behavior.

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