Human Acts vs Acts of Man Quiz

Acts of Man and Human Acts

• Acts of man are actions beyond one's consciousness, not dependent on the intellect and will
• Acts of man can become human acts when employing intellect and will in performing the act

Universal Values

• Universal values have the same value or worth for almost all people
• People have a reason to believe universal values have value
• Ten types of universal values: Power, Achievement, Hedonism, Stimulation, Self-Direction, Universalism, Benevolence, Tradition, Conformity, Security

Culture and Moral Behavior

• Culture shapes moral behavior
• Material culture and non-material culture influence a person's moral behavior
• Providers of moral behavior in a culture: Family, School, Church, Government, Workplace
• Filipino understanding of right and wrong is shaped by cultural relativism and ethnocentrism

Branches of Moral Philosophy

• Meta-ethics: concerning theoretical meaning and reference of moral propositions
• Normative ethics: concerning practical means of determining a moral course of action
• Applied ethics: concerning what a person is obligated to do in a special situation or particular domain of action

Importance of Ethics

• Satisfies basic human needs
• Creates credibility
• Unites people and leaders
• Improves decision-making
• Brings long-term gains
• Secures the society

Why Study Ethics?

• Ethics allows for an authentic and meaningful life
• Ethics makes one more successful
• Ethics cultivates inner peace
• Ethics provides for a stable society
• Ethics may help in the afterlife

Western Thinkers/Philosophers

• Martin Buber: man can be both subject and object (I-Thou and I-It relationships)
• Thales of Melitus: man finds nourishment in himself because man is helpless at birth
• Socrates: man's body comes from the world of matter, reason comes from universal reason
• Plato: man is a knower and possessor of the immortal soul
• Aristotle: man is a rational being with logical thinking

Filipino Moral Identity and Value System

• Constitutes the Filipino value system that majority of Filipinos have historically held important
• Rooted primarily in personal alliance systems (kinship, obligation, friendship, religion, commercial relationships)
• Qualities of Filipino Identity: Pakikipagkapwa tao, Family Oriented, Joy and Humor, Flexibility, Adaptivity, Creativity, Faith and Religiosity, Ability to Survive, Hard work and Industry, Hospitality

Moral Character and Development

• Moral Agent: being capable of acting with reference to right and wrong
• Moral Character: evaluation of an individual's stable moral qualities
• Moral Development: process of forming a progressive sense of what is right and wrong
• Two approaches to dealing with Moral Character: Normative Ethics (moral standards) and Applied Ethics (controversial issues with moral choice)