Periodic Table Properties and Classification
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Questions and Answers

Which property is NOT true about alkali metals?

  • They are very reactive.
  • They are hard and dense. (correct)
  • They are stored in oil.
  • They float on water.

Francesium is the least reactive alkali metal.

False (B)

What is formed when alkali metals react with water?

metal hydroxide and hydrogen

Sodium reacts with water to form __________ and hydrogen.

<p>sodium hydroxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the alkali metal with its reaction product when reacted with water:

<p>Lithium = Lithium hydroxide Sodium = Sodium hydroxide Potassium = Potassium hydroxide Francium = Francium hydroxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which noble gas has the highest boiling point?

<p>Xenon (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The boiling points of noble gases decrease as you go down the group.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relative atomic mass of Argon?

<p>40</p> Signup and view all the answers

The boiling point of Neon is _____ °C.

<p>-246</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following noble gases with their respective relative atomic mass:

<p>Helium = 4 Neon = 20 Argon = 40 Krypton = 84 Xenon = 131</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which halogen is the least reactive?

<p>Astatine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Sodium reacts more vigorously with water than potassium.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the appearance of bromine at room temperature.

<p>Bromine is a reddish-brown liquid at room temperature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Chlorine will displace bromine in the reaction between potassium bromide and _____.

<p>chlorine</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following elements with their state at room temperature.

<p>Fluorine = Gas Chlorine = Gas Bromine = Liquid Iodine = Solid Astatine = Solid</p> Signup and view all the answers

What will happen when potassium bromide is reacted with iodine?

<p>No reaction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following pairs of elements are likely to have similar properties?

<p>Sodium and Potassium (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The rows of the Periodic Table are called groups.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Fluorine can displace chlorine in a reaction.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to magnesium's insulating properties when it is combined with a non-metal such as sulfur?

<p>It loses its insulating properties.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is produced when sodium chloride reacts with fluorine?

<p>No reaction takes place.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Calcium + water → __________

<p>Calcium hydroxide + hydrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following groups with their properties:

<p>Group 1 = Highly reactive metals Group 2 = Reactive but less than Group 1 Group 0 = Noble gases Group 4 = Less reactive non-metals</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true about elements in the same group of the Periodic Table?

<p>They have similar chemical properties. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Carbon dioxide is included in the Periodic Table.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one of the physical properties of Group 0 elements.

<p>They are inert or nonreactive.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Alkali Metals

The elements in Group 1 of the periodic table are known as alkali metals, which are highly reactive and rarely found in their pure form.

Reaction of Alkali Metals with Water

Alkali metals react with water to form a metal hydroxide and hydrogen gas.

Metal Hydroxide

A chemical compound with a hydroxide ion(OH-) and a metal cation.

Sodium

A chemical element that is soft, silvery-white, and very reactive.

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Potassium

A chemical element that is soft, silvery-white, and very reactive.

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Electronegativity

The tendency of an element to attract electrons towards itself when forming a chemical bond.

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Metallic character

The ability of an atom to lose electrons and form positive ions.

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Non-metallic character

The tendency of an atom to gain electrons and form negative ions.

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Atomic radius

The size of an atom, usually measured as the distance between the nucleus and the outermost electron shell.

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Ionization energy

The energy required to remove one mole of electrons from one mole of gaseous atoms.

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Group

A vertical column on the periodic table that contains elements with similar chemical properties.

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Period

A horizontal row on the periodic table that contains elements with the same number of electron shells.

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Reactivity

A measure of how readily an element reacts with other substances. It's based on how easily an element loses or gains electrons.

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Conductivity

The tendency of an element to conduct electricity or heat. Metals are usually good conductors, while non-metals are insulators.

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Malleability

The ability of a substance to be hammered or pressed into different shapes without breaking.

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Ductility

The ability of a substance to be drawn into a wire.

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Displacement reaction

A chemical reaction where a more reactive element displaces a less reactive element from a compound.

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Group 0 elements

Elements in group 0 are called noble gases. They are all unreactive gases found in small amounts in the atmosphere.

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Sodium + water →

Sodium reacts vigorously with water, producing sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and hydrogen gas (H2). The reaction is exothermic, releasing a lot of heat, causing the sodium to melt and the hydrogen gas to ignite.

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Potassium + water →

Potassium reacts even more violently with water than sodium, producing potassium hydroxide (KOH) and hydrogen gas (H2). The reaction also releases a lot of heat, causing the potassium to melt and the hydrogen gas to ignite. It's significantly more explosive than sodium's reaction.

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Reactivity of Alkali Metals with Water

Lithium, sodium, and potassium are all alkali metals, meaning they react with water to produce a metal hydroxide and hydrogen gas. Their reactivity increases down the group due to the decreasing ionization energy, making it easier to lose an electron. This results in a more vigorous reaction with water, with potassium being the most reactive and lithium the least reactive.

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Halogens

Halogens are a group of non-metals in group 7 of the periodic table. As you go down the group, their reactivity decreases, due to the increasing size of the atom and decreasing electronegativity.

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Reactivity of Astatine

Astatine is the least reactive halogen due to its large atomic size and low electronegativity. It's a radioactive element and exists in trace amounts naturally.

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Halogen Displacement Reactions

A more reactive halogen can displace a less reactive halogen from its salt. For example, chlorine can displace bromine from potassium bromide to form potassium chloride and bromine.

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Halogen Displacement Reactions (no Displacement)

A less reactive halogen cannot displace a more reactive halogen from its salt. For example, chlorine cannot displace fluorine from potassium fluoride. The reaction will not occur.

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Lithium Bromide + Iodine →

This reaction will not occur because iodine is less reactive than bromine. Iodine cannot displace bromine from lithium bromide.

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Study Notes

Lesson Outcomes

  • Classify elements as metals or non-metals using patterns
  • Predict element properties using patterns
  • Compare and describe element properties in groups and periods of the periodic table.
  • Interpret data to describe group 1, 7 and 0 elements' properties.
  • Describe displacement reactions
  • Describe physical and chemical properties of group 0 elements

Starter Retrieval Questions

  • Complete chemical equations for reactions involving Zinc, Copper, Calcium, Magnesium and Lithium with various reagents.

Paired Task

  • List as many elements as possible from memory.
  • Explain why Carbon Dioxide is not on the periodic table (it is a compound)

Independent Task

  • Identify the section of the Periodic Table containing non-metals.
  • Identify if section A contains metals or non-metals
  • Categorise properties (conductor/insulator of heat/electricity, shiny, low/high density, brittle/malleable, ductile, sonorous) as belonging to metals, non-metals or both.
  • Determine if an unknown element is a metal or non-metal based on its properties (sonorous, conducts electricity, ductile).
  • Explain magnesium's change in properties when bonded with another non metal (e.g., sulfur)

Groups and Periods

  • Elements in the same group have similar properties (reactivity and density)
  • Periods are horizontal rows on the periodic table. Each period corresponds to a number of electron shells in an atom.

Learning Pitstop

  • Periodic table rows are called periods, columns are called groups
  • Identify pairs of elements that would have similar properties based on periodic table trends.

Group 1 Alkali Metals

  • Alkali metals (Group 1) are very reactive and rarely found in their elemental form.
  • Stored in oil to prevent air reactions.
  • Soft, dense, and float on water.
  • React with water to form alkaline compounds.

Halogens Group 7

  • Halogens (Group 7) are non-metals, toxic, and exhibit varying reactivity.
  • Fluorine is the most reactive, astatine is least.
  • More reactive elements displace less reactive elements in reactions.
  • Halogens exist in different states at room temperature (e.g., gases, liquids)

Noble Gases Group 0/8

  • Noble gases (Group 0/8) are colourless, odourless, and unreactive.
  • Boiling points increase as you move down the group.

Plenary

  • Categorise properties of noble gases in Groups 0/8 as physical or chemical.
  • Differentiate between chemical and physical properties with examples.
  • Predict if xenon will react with nitrogen (predict no reaction).
  • Predict the boiling point of Krypton.

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Description

This quiz covers the classification of elements as metals and non-metals by identifying patterns in their properties. Participants will predict element characteristics and describe displacement reactions, particularly in groups 1, 7, and 0 of the periodic table. It's a comprehensive assessment of understanding the periodic table.

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