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Questions and Answers
What type of inherited disease results from a single gene abnormality?
What type of inherited disease results from a single gene abnormality?
- Hypertension
- Gout
- Sickle cell anemia (correct)
- Down syndrome
What is the most frequent type of trauma according to the CDC?
What is the most frequent type of trauma according to the CDC?
- Falls
- Motor vehicle accidents (correct)
- Homicide
- Suicide
Which of the following best describes chronic inflammation?
Which of the following best describes chronic inflammation?
- A local response to a single irritant
- A disease caused by acute injury
- A short-term protective response
- A prolonged immune response causing tissue damage (correct)
What does 'itis' denote in medical terminology?
What does 'itis' denote in medical terminology?
How are benign tumors typically characterized?
How are benign tumors typically characterized?
What are cells that leave a primary tumor to start a secondary tumor called?
What are cells that leave a primary tumor to start a secondary tumor called?
What role do inflammatory mediators, such as histamines and prostaglandins, play in inflammation?
What role do inflammatory mediators, such as histamines and prostaglandins, play in inflammation?
What defines cancer in relation to tumors?
What defines cancer in relation to tumors?
Flashcards
Hereditary Disease
Hereditary Disease
A disease caused by an abnormality in a person's genes or chromosomes.
Congenital Disease
Congenital Disease
A disease that is present at birth due to an abnormality in genes or chromosomes.
Trauma
Trauma
A disease caused by a physical injury from an external force.
Inflammation
Inflammation
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Infection
Infection
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Neoplasm
Neoplasm
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Benign Tumor
Benign Tumor
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Malignant Tumor
Malignant Tumor
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Study Notes
Classification of Diseases
- Heredity: Caused by abnormalities in a person's gene or chromosomal makeup. May or may not be present at birth. If present at birth, it's called congenital. Inherited diseases can be:
- Single gene abnormality (e.g., sickle cell anemia)
- Abnormality of several genes (polygenic) (e.g., gout, hypertension)
- Abnormality of a chromosome (e.g., Down syndrome).
Trauma
- Caused by physical injury from external force. A leading cause of death in children and young adults. Common types of trauma (as listed by the CDC): Motor Vehicle Accidents (MVAs), fires, poisonings, falls, suffocation, suicide, homicide. MVAs are the most common.
Inflammation and Infection
- Inflammation: A protective immune response triggered by injury or irritant.
- Infection: Invasion of microorganisms into tissue causing cell or tissue injury.
- Inflammation often precedes infection.
- "-itis" is a suffix indicating inflammation (e.g., appendicitis).
- Inflammation's Role: Reduces tissue injury, maintaining homeostasis.
- Signs of Inflammation: Redness, heat, swelling, and pain, caused by inflammatory mediators (histamine, prostaglandins, kinins) dilating blood vessels, increasing blood volume, and white blood cell movement.
- Types of Inflammation: Local or systemic, acute or chronic. Chronic inflammation can be a disease itself.
Tumors
- Oncology: The study of cancer.
- Neoplasm: Abnormal cell growth; benign tumors remain localized, malignant tumors spread to form secondary tumors.
- Metastasis: The process where cancer cells spread from a primary tumor to a new location.
- Hyperplasia vs. Neoplasm: Hyperplasia refers to excessive growth, neoplasm to new growth.
- Benign Tumors: End in "-oma".
- Cancer: Defined as a malignant tumor.
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