Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following bronchodilators acts by blocking muscarinic receptors?
Which of the following bronchodilators acts by blocking muscarinic receptors?
What is the primary mechanism of action of methylxanthines?
What is the primary mechanism of action of methylxanthines?
Which combination therapy is used for the long-term control of asthma?
Which combination therapy is used for the long-term control of asthma?
What is the primary use of short-acting beta2 agonists in asthma treatment?
What is the primary use of short-acting beta2 agonists in asthma treatment?
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What is a common side effect of beta2 agonists?
What is a common side effect of beta2 agonists?
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Which of the following is NOT a therapeutic use of anticholinergics?
Which of the following is NOT a therapeutic use of anticholinergics?
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Study Notes
Classification of Bronchodilators
-
Beta2 Agonists:
- Short-acting: salbutamol, terbutaline
- Long-acting: salmeterol, formoterol
-
Anticholinergics:
- Short-acting: ipratropium
- Long-acting: tiotropium, aclidinium
-
Methylxanthines:
- Theophylline
-
Combination Therapy:
- Beta2 agonist + anticholinergic
- Beta2 agonist + corticosteroid
Mechanism of Action
-
Beta2 Agonists:
- Stimulate beta2 receptors, increasing cAMP, leading to smooth muscle relaxation
-
Anticholinergics:
- Block muscarinic receptors, decreasing acetylcholine activity, leading to smooth muscle relaxation
-
Methylxanthines:
- Inhibit phosphodiesterase, increasing cAMP, leading to smooth muscle relaxation
Therapeutic Uses
-
Asthma:
- Quick relief: short-acting beta2 agonists
- Long-term control: long-acting beta2 agonists, anticholinergics, and corticosteroids
-
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD):
- Symptomatic relief: anticholinergics and long-acting beta2 agonists
- Combination therapy: anticholinergics + beta2 agonists or corticosteroids
Adverse Effects
-
Beta2 Agonists:
- Tremors, anxiety, tachycardia, hypokalemia
-
Anticholinergics:
- Dry mouth, urinary retention, constipation
-
Methylxanthines:
- Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, insomnia, seizures
Classification of Bronchodilators
- Beta2 agonists are classified into short-acting (salbutamol, terbutaline) and long-acting (salmeterol, formoterol) types
- Anticholinergics are classified into short-acting (ipratropium) and long-acting (tiotropium, aclidinium) types
- Methylxanthines include theophylline
- Combination therapy involves combining beta2 agonists with anticholinergics or corticosteroids
Mechanism of Action
- Beta2 agonists stimulate beta2 receptors, increasing cAMP, leading to smooth muscle relaxation
- Anticholinergics block muscarinic receptors, decreasing acetylcholine activity, leading to smooth muscle relaxation
- Methylxanthines inhibit phosphodiesterase, increasing cAMP, leading to smooth muscle relaxation
Therapeutic Uses
- Short-acting beta2 agonists are used for quick relief in asthma
- Long-acting beta2 agonists, anticholinergics, and corticosteroids are used for long-term control in asthma
- Anticholinergics and long-acting beta2 agonists are used for symptomatic relief in COPD
- Combination therapy is used in COPD, involving anticholinergics + beta2 agonists or corticosteroids
Adverse Effects
- Beta2 agonists can cause tremors, anxiety, tachycardia, and hypokalemia
- Anticholinergics can cause dry mouth, urinary retention, and constipation
- Methylxanthines can cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, insomnia, and seizures
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Description
This quiz covers the classification of bronchodilators, including beta2 agonists, anticholinergics, and methylxanthines, as well as their mechanism of action.
