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Questions and Answers
Which elements are basic constituents of proteins?
Which elements are basic constituents of proteins?
What type of bond links amino acids in proteins?
What type of bond links amino acids in proteins?
Proteins retain their biological activity within a limited range of which factors?
Proteins retain their biological activity within a limited range of which factors?
Which atom is found in the general structure of an amino acid and is labeled as the central α-carbon?
Which atom is found in the general structure of an amino acid and is labeled as the central α-carbon?
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Which group forms part of the amino acid structure and is responsible for its acidic properties?
Which group forms part of the amino acid structure and is responsible for its acidic properties?
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Which amino acid is classified as aliphatic?
Which amino acid is classified as aliphatic?
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How many amino acids are included in the aliphatic group mentioned?
How many amino acids are included in the aliphatic group mentioned?
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Which code represents Lysine?
Which code represents Lysine?
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Which type of side chain do amino acids in the aliphatic group possess?
Which type of side chain do amino acids in the aliphatic group possess?
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Which of the following is a basic amino acid?
Which of the following is a basic amino acid?
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How are amino acids differentiated from each other?
How are amino acids differentiated from each other?
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What type of chemical bond links the amino acids in peptides?
What type of chemical bond links the amino acids in peptides?
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Which of the following hormones stimulates uterine contraction?
Which of the following hormones stimulates uterine contraction?
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How much protein is destroyed daily during the continuous renewal process in the body?
How much protein is destroyed daily during the continuous renewal process in the body?
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Which classification of proteins can be categorized based on their biological function?
Which classification of proteins can be categorized based on their biological function?
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What property of proteins is affected by pH levels?
What property of proteins is affected by pH levels?
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What is the role of glutathione in the cell?
What is the role of glutathione in the cell?
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Which amino acid is essential?
Which amino acid is essential?
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Which amino acid has an acidic side chain?
Which amino acid has an acidic side chain?
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At what pH does an amino acid have no net charge?
At what pH does an amino acid have no net charge?
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Which amino acid is not essential?
Which amino acid is not essential?
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What is the characteristic of amino acids that allows them to act as both acids and bases?
What is the characteristic of amino acids that allows them to act as both acids and bases?
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Which of the following amino acids are paired with their corresponding amides?
Which of the following amino acids are paired with their corresponding amides?
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What type of bonds are involved in the quaternary structure of proteins?
What type of bonds are involved in the quaternary structure of proteins?
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Which type of protein structure determines the sequence of amino acids?
Which type of protein structure determines the sequence of amino acids?
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What is lost during the denaturation of a protein?
What is lost during the denaturation of a protein?
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Which of the following is a physical agent that can cause protein denaturation?
Which of the following is a physical agent that can cause protein denaturation?
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Which of the following proteins have a quaternary structure?
Which of the following proteins have a quaternary structure?
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What structural level is described by the spatial arrangement of amino acids?
What structural level is described by the spatial arrangement of amino acids?
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What effect does denaturation have on the physicochemical properties of proteins?
What effect does denaturation have on the physicochemical properties of proteins?
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Which is not a type of secondary structure of a protein?
Which is not a type of secondary structure of a protein?
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What happens to the solubility of proteins when exposed to high concentrations of salts?
What happens to the solubility of proteins when exposed to high concentrations of salts?
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Which type of proteins include lipoproteins, glycoproteins, and metalloproteins?
Which type of proteins include lipoproteins, glycoproteins, and metalloproteins?
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Primary structure in proteins refers to the:
Primary structure in proteins refers to the:
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Which type of interaction stabilizes the secondary structure of proteins?
Which type of interaction stabilizes the secondary structure of proteins?
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What effect does a low concentration of salts have on protein solubility?
What effect does a low concentration of salts have on protein solubility?
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Which is an example of a protein with secondary structure being alpha-helix?
Which is an example of a protein with secondary structure being alpha-helix?
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What is the normal recommended protein intake per day based on body weight?
What is the normal recommended protein intake per day based on body weight?
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Which function is associated with hemoglobin and myoglobin?
Which function is associated with hemoglobin and myoglobin?
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What property allows proteins to maintain internal pH and osmotic balance?
What property allows proteins to maintain internal pH and osmotic balance?
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Which of the following is NOT a property of proteins?
Which of the following is NOT a property of proteins?
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Which molecule is considered the 'building blocks' of proteins?
Which molecule is considered the 'building blocks' of proteins?
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What type of bond is formed between two amino acids?
What type of bond is formed between two amino acids?
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Study Notes
Proteins
- Biopolymers (macromolecules) composed of oxygen, hydrogen, carbon, sulfur, phosphorus, iodine, iron, and magnesium.
- Preserve biological activity only within a relatively limited pH and temperature range.
Amino Acids
- Building blocks of proteins
- General formula: atomic hydrogen, alpha carbon, amino group, carboxyl group, and side chain
- Classified based on their side chain:
- Aliphatic (non-polar)
- Basic (polar)
- Acidic (polar)
- Essential amino acids: cannot be synthesized by the human body and must be obtained through the diet
- Phenylalanine
- Histidine
- Tryptophan
- Threonine
- Methionine
- Valine
- Lysine
- Leucine
- Isoleucine
- Non-essential amino acids: can be synthesized by the human body
- Alanine
- Aspartic acid
- Glutamic acid
- Cysteine
- Serine
- Arginine
- Tyrosine
Peptides
- Linear chains of amino acids linked by amide bonds
- Examples:
- Oxytocin: hormone that stimulates uterine contraction
- Glucagon: hormone that has actions opposite to insulin
- Antibiotics
- Glutathione: participates in cellular redox reactions
Protein Structure
- Primary structure: sequence of amino acids in a protein
- Secondary structure: spatial arrangement of amino acids in a protein (α-helix and β-pleated sheet)
- Tertiary structure: 3D arrangement of the secondary structure
- Quaternary structure: union of multiple polypeptide chains to form a complex protein
- Denaturation: loss of native protein structure leading to loss of biological activity
Protein Functions
- Structural: provide framework and support for cells and tissues
- Enzymatic: catalyze chemical reactions
- Hormonal: regulate various physiological processes
- Defensive: create antibodies and regulate factors against foreign agents or infections
- Transport: transport molecules and ions across cell membranes
- Homeostatic: maintain pH and osmotic balance
Protein Properties
- Acidity/basicity: isoelectric point
- Solubility: affected by pH, salts, and non-polar solvents
- Specificity
- Polarizability
- Flexibility
- Ability to form cross-links
- Solubility
- Acid-base properties (isoelectric point)
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Description
This quiz covers the classification of amino acids based on their side chain, including aliphatic amino acids. Learn about the different types of amino acids and their characteristics.
