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Questions and Answers
Which of the following indicates a chemical change?
Which of the following indicates a chemical change?
- Separation using a magnet
- Evaporation of water
- Formation of new substances (correct)
- Filtration of liquids
What is the process called that separates solids from liquids using a strainer?
What is the process called that separates solids from liquids using a strainer?
- Decantation
- Evaporation
- Filtration (correct)
- Sedimentation
In which process does a liquid change to a gaseous state?
In which process does a liquid change to a gaseous state?
- Freezing
- Filtration
- Condensation
- Evaporation (correct)
What is the primary purpose of distillation?
What is the primary purpose of distillation?
Which process allows heavy insoluble particles in a liquid to settle at the bottom?
Which process allows heavy insoluble particles in a liquid to settle at the bottom?
What is the process called when a solid transitions into a liquid at a specific temperature?
What is the process called when a solid transitions into a liquid at a specific temperature?
Which property describes a substance's ability to dissolve in a solvent?
Which property describes a substance's ability to dissolve in a solvent?
Which term refers to the ability of a substance to be drawn into a wire without breaking?
Which term refers to the ability of a substance to be drawn into a wire without breaking?
What describes the ability of a substance to conduct electricity or heat?
What describes the ability of a substance to conduct electricity or heat?
Which property indicates the mass of a substance per unit volume?
Which property indicates the mass of a substance per unit volume?
Flammability refers to which of the following?
Flammability refers to which of the following?
What type of change occurs when the physical properties of matter change without changing its chemical composition?
What type of change occurs when the physical properties of matter change without changing its chemical composition?
Which of the following describes a chemical property of a substance?
Which of the following describes a chemical property of a substance?
What category does brass fall into?
What category does brass fall into?
Which of these substances is an element?
Which of these substances is an element?
What type of mixture is vinegar classified as?
What type of mixture is vinegar classified as?
Which of the following is an example of an extensive property?
Which of the following is an example of an extensive property?
What is the boiling point of a substance?
What is the boiling point of a substance?
Which physical property does NOT depend on the amount of matter present?
Which physical property does NOT depend on the amount of matter present?
How can the mixture of air be classified?
How can the mixture of air be classified?
What physical property is used to describe the visual perception of light reflected from a substance?
What physical property is used to describe the visual perception of light reflected from a substance?
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Study Notes
Classification of Substances
- Brass: Mixture (Homogeneous)
- Calcium carbonate: Compound
- Rubbing alcohol: Mixture (Homogeneous)
- Sulfur: Element
- Sugar: Compound
- Air: Mixture (Homogeneous)
- Vinegar: Mixture (Homogeneous)
- Fruit jams: Mixture (Heterogeneous)
- Methane: Compound
- Baking soda: Compound
Properties of Substances
- Properties: Qualities and characteristics that define and identify a substance.
- Physical Properties: Observable and measurable aspects, can be divided into:
- Intensive (Intrinsic): Do not depend on the amount of matter (e.g., color, boiling/melting points, solubility).
- Extensive (Extrinsic): Depend on the amount of matter present (e.g., mass, volume, length).
Key Physical Properties
- Color: Visual perception of light reflected from a substance.
- Boiling Point: Temperature at which a liquid turns into gas.
- Melting Point: Temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid.
- Solubility: Ability of a substance to dissolve in a solvent.
- Conductivity: Ability to conduct electricity or heat.
- Malleability: Ability to be hammered or pressed into shape without breaking.
- Ductility: Ability to be drawn into wire.
- Luster: Shine or reflective quality of a surface.
- Hardness: Resistance to scratching or indentation.
- Viscosity: Resistance of a fluid to flow.
- Brittleness: Tendency to break or fracture easily.
- Density: Mass per unit volume of a substance.
- Odor: Smell of a substance.
- Taste: Sensation perceived by taste buds.
Chemical Properties
- Flammability: Ability of a substance to ignite in the presence of oxygen.
- Reactivity: Ability to undergo chemical reactions with other substances.
- Toxicity: Potential to harm or kill living organisms.
- Corrosiveness: Ability to damage materials through chemical reactions.
Changes in Matter
- Physical Change: Alteration of physical properties without changing chemical composition.
- Chemical Change: Change involving the formation of new substances with different properties.
- Indicators of a Chemical Change:
- Formation of new substances
- Energy changes
- Irreversibility
- Gas production
- Color change
Methods for Separating Mixtures
- Filtration: Process to separate solids from liquids. Residue remains in the filter, while filtrate is the liquid that passes through.
- Evaporation: Transition of a substance from liquid to gas.
- Sedimentation and Decantation:
- Sedimentation: Heavy particles settle at the bottom.
- Decantation: Separation by pouring off the liquid.
- Chromatography: Separating components by distributing them between stationary and mobile phases.
- Distillation: Separation based on different boiling points.
- Magnetic Separation: Using a magnet to separate elemental metals from a mixture.
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