Questions and Answers
What years did Haydn live?
What is Haydn known for pioneering?
symphony and string quartet
Where was Haydn born?
Rohnau
What are two unhappy times in Haydn's life?
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What was the Farewell Symphony about?
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What significant trip did Haydn make?
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How many string quartets did Haydn compose?
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Who was H.C. Robbins Landon?
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What is Hoboken in relation to Haydn's works?
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What did Haydn compose that features a trumpet?
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Who was Weidinger?
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Which genres did Haydn compose?
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What nickname is J.C. Bach known by?
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What type of music did J.C. Bach compose thanks to a trip to Italy?
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What were the names of J.C. Bach's two operas?
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What did Mozart do to honor J.C. Bach?
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How did J.C. Bach die?
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How many keyboard sonatas did J.C. Bach compose?
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Study Notes
Haydn Overview
- Lived from 1732 to 1809, renowned for creativity, originality, humor, and mischief.
- Pioneered the symphony and string quartet genres.
- Worked for the Esterházy family, producing concerti and piano sonatas.
Emperor String Quartet
- Composed by Haydn, served as a birthday piece and became an anthem for Austria and Germany.
- Notably associated with Nazi Germany and transformed into a hymn tune.
Haydn's Contributions
- Developed and matured symphony and string quartet genres during his lifetime.
Birthplace
- Born in Rohnau, an area enriched with folk material due to its proximity to Hungary, Czech Republic, and Austria.
Difficult Periods
- Experienced two unhappy times: in his 20s and during his marriage in 1760, which was to his lover's sister.
Service of the Esterhazys
- Served from 1761 to 1790 for the Hungarian nobility, spending half the year at the secluded Esterháza palace.
- Composed works such as the Farewell Symphony and Baryton compositions.
Farewell Symphony
- Unique piece where musicians leave the stage one by one, reflecting their desire to return home as the prince extended his stay at Esterháza.
Trips to London
- Made two trips to London (1791-2 and 1794-5) and composed a set of six symphonies for each trip.
Composed Genres
- Wrote numerous works across various genres: symphonies, string quartets, concerti, piano sonatas, oratorios, and operas.
H.C. Robbins Landon
- An important scholar who worked to preserve the Esterháza palace.
Hoboken Catalog
- Haydn's works are cataloged using the Hoboken system, indicated by "Hob." followed by Roman and Arabic numerals, e.g., Hob. XVI:44.
Haydn as a Performer
- Not recognized as a virtuoso performer.
Haydn's Concerti
- Composed a total of 14 keyboard concerti and 2 cello concerti, including the monumental Trumpet Concerto in E-flat.
Trumpet Concerto in E-flat
- Most famous concerto by Haydn, utilizing Weidinger’s modifications that allowed agility in the lower trumpet range.
Weidinger Innovations
- Modified trumpets by drilling holes that were covered by fingers, expanding the agility and range of the instrument, convincing Haydn to compose the Trumpet Concerto.
Piano Sonatas
- Haydn wrote 62 piano sonatas known for their sparkle and fun, including Hob. XVI:46 in A-flat Major.
Baryton Trios
- Composed 125 trios for baryton due to Prince Nicolas Esterházy's playing of the instrument.
Baryton Instrument
- A string instrument played by Prince Nicolas Esterházy, featuring 6 strings like a viola da gamba and 9 sympathetic metal strings.
String Quartets
- Haydn was a pioneer in this genre, composing 68 quartets with notable works including "The Joke" and "The Emperor."
Wilhelm Friedrich Bach
- Lived from 1710-1784, eldest son of J.S. Bach, recognized for organ improvisation but lost many manuscripts.
Johann Christian Bach
- Youngest son of J.S. Bach (1735-1782), a friend of Mozart and instrumental in establishing public concerts in London.
J.C. Bach's Education
- Taught by J.S. Bach and C.P.E. Bach.
J.C. Bach’s Notable Achievements
- The only Bach to compose opera after studying in Italy, known as "The London Bach" after moving to London in 1762.
J.C. Bach's Operas
- Notable works include Artaserse (1760) and Catone in Utica (1761).
Impact on Mozart
- Influenced Mozart, establishing a friendship that began when they met in 1765.
Arrangements by Mozart
- Mozart rearranged three of J.C. Bach's keyboard sonatas from Op. 5 into mini concerti known as K. 107.
Public Concerts
- Between 1766-1781, collaborated with Carl Abel to promote public concerts in London and participated in the first London fortepiano performance.
J.C. Bach's Works
- Included Op. 5 keyboard sonatas, Quintet Op. 22 No. 1, and Symphony Op. 6 No. 1.
Mozart's Tribute
- Acknowledged J.C. Bach by incorporating material from his overture into Concerto K. 414.
J.C. Bach's Death
- Died young and in poverty.
Quintet Op. 22 No. 1
- Composed for flute, oboe, violin, cello, and harpsichord featuring sonata form in the first movement and showcasing periodicity.
J.C. Bach's Symphonies
- Composed several symphonies during the 1760s, contributing to the classical symphonic repertoire.
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Description
Explore the life and works of Joseph Haydn through these flashcards. This quiz highlights Haydn's creativity, humor, and his pivotal role in developing the symphony and string quartet. Delve into his famous compositions, including the Emperor String Quartet, and understand their historical significance.
