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Questions and Answers
Who was Joseph Haydn content to spend most of his life serving?
Who was Joseph Haydn content to spend most of his life serving?
a wealthy aristocratic family
Haydn's contract of employment shows that he was considered what?
Haydn's contract of employment shows that he was considered what?
a skilled servant
Social mobility during the classical period was an important factor in the rise of which class?
Social mobility during the classical period was an important factor in the rise of which class?
the middle class
Vienna in 1800 was the:
Vienna in 1800 was the:
In Vienna, Haydn and Mozart became what?
In Vienna, Haydn and Mozart became what?
In the classical period, serious composition was flavored by what types of music?
In the classical period, serious composition was flavored by what types of music?
Haydn and Mozart wrote many outdoor entertainment pieces, which they called what?
Haydn and Mozart wrote many outdoor entertainment pieces, which they called what?
Sonata form should be viewed as what?
Sonata form should be viewed as what?
Sonata form is used frequently as the form for the ___ movement of a multimovement piece.
Sonata form is used frequently as the form for the ___ movement of a multimovement piece.
Theme-and-variations form may be schematically outlined as ____.
Theme-and-variations form may be schematically outlined as ____.
The minuet is generally the ____ movement of a classical symphony.
The minuet is generally the ____ movement of a classical symphony.
The minuet as a whole may be outlined as ____.
The minuet as a whole may be outlined as ____.
The minuet first appeared around 1650 as a ____ at the court of Louis XIV of France.
The minuet first appeared around 1650 as a ____ at the court of Louis XIV of France.
The scherzo differs from the minuet in that it does what?
The scherzo differs from the minuet in that it does what?
Because of its character, the rondo most often serves as a what?
Because of its character, the rondo most often serves as a what?
A common rondo pattern is what?
A common rondo pattern is what?
The rondo was used as late as which century?
The rondo was used as late as which century?
Symphony may be defined as what?
Symphony may be defined as what?
The usual order of movements in a classical symphony is what?
The usual order of movements in a classical symphony is what?
The first movement of a classical symphony is almost always fast and in ___ form.
The first movement of a classical symphony is almost always fast and in ___ form.
A classical concerto is a three-movement work for what?
A classical concerto is a three-movement work for what?
An unaccompanied showpiece for the concerto's soloist is known as a what?
An unaccompanied showpiece for the concerto's soloist is known as a what?
The symphonic movement usually lacking in the concerto is the what?
The symphonic movement usually lacking in the concerto is the what?
Classical chamber music is designed for what?
Classical chamber music is designed for what?
The classical string quartet is a musical composition for which instruments?
The classical string quartet is a musical composition for which instruments?
The most important form of classical chamber music is what?
The most important form of classical chamber music is what?
The piano trio is a musical composition for which instruments?
The piano trio is a musical composition for which instruments?
The usual order of movements in a classical string quartet is what?
The usual order of movements in a classical string quartet is what?
A major factor that distinguishes chamber music from the symphony or concerto is that chamber music is performed by how many players per part?
A major factor that distinguishes chamber music from the symphony or concerto is that chamber music is performed by how many players per part?
Along with his symphonies, Haydn's ____ are considered his most important works.
Along with his symphonies, Haydn's ____ are considered his most important works.
Haydn's duties while in the service of the Esterhazys included what?
Haydn's duties while in the service of the Esterhazys included what?
By the age of six, Mozart could do what?
By the age of six, Mozart could do what?
Don Giovanni, in Mozart's opera of that name, is what?
Don Giovanni, in Mozart's opera of that name, is what?
Mozart's Requiem was finished by whom?
Mozart's Requiem was finished by whom?
Between the ages of six and fifteen, Mozart was known for doing what?
Between the ages of six and fifteen, Mozart was known for doing what?
Mozart was born in which city?
Mozart was born in which city?
Which of the following is not one of Mozart's three masterpieces of Italian opera?
Which of the following is not one of Mozart's three masterpieces of Italian opera?
Sonata form consists of how many main sections?
Sonata form consists of how many main sections?
Haydn was a prolific composer as demonstrated in part by his 104 ____ and 68 ____.
Haydn was a prolific composer as demonstrated in part by his 104 ____ and 68 ____.
Mozart's finest German opera was which one?
Mozart's finest German opera was which one?
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Study Notes
Joseph Haydn
- Spent most of his life serving a wealthy aristocratic family, indicating a stable employment situation.
- His contract revealed he was considered a skilled servant within the aristocratic framework of the time.
- Significant contributions include 104 symphonies and 68 string quartets, showcasing his prolific output.
Social Context
- Social mobility played a crucial role in the rise of the middle class during the classical period.
- Vienna, by 1800, was the fourth-largest city in Europe, serving as the seat of the Holy Roman Empire with nearly 250,000 residents.
- Haydn and Mozart developed a close friendship in Vienna, highlighting interaction among composers.
Musical Composition
- Serious compositions included influences from folk and popular music, creating diverse musical textures.
- Common forms include:
- Sonata Form: Functions as a principle for organizing contrasting themes and keys, often used in the first movement of a multi-movement piece.
- Theme-and-Variations Form: Structured as AA'A''A'''A''''.
- Minuet: Typically the third movement in classical symphonies, outlined as ABA, originating as a dance at Louis XIV's court.
- Scherzo: A faster-paced alternative to the minuet.
- Rondo: Commonly serves as the finale, with typical patterns like ABACA, and continued use into the twentieth century.
Symphony and Concerto
- Symphony defined as a composed orchestral work, generally in four movements, showcasing the classical orchestra's dynamic range.
- Standard movement order for a classical symphony: fast, slow, dance-related, fast.
- First movement is almost always fast and in sonata form.
- A classical concerto, featuring a soloist with orchestra, consists of three movements and lacks the minuet or scherzo movement.
Chamber Music
- Classical chamber music is designed for small room settings with one player per part, distinguishing it from larger symphony performances.
- The classical string quartet features two violins, viola, and cello as its standard instrumentation and is deemed the most important form in chamber music.
- A piano trio comprises violin, cello, and piano.
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
- From an early age, Mozart exhibited exceptional musical talent, capable of playing multiple instruments, reading music, and composing.
- Notable works include the opera "Don Giovanni," which features the character of the legendary Spanish lover and is recognized among his masterly Italian operas.
- "The Magic Flute" stands as Mozart's finest German opera.
- His Requiem, a significant choral work, was completed by one of his pupils after his death.
- Mozart's childhood was marked by extensive touring across England and Europe, showcasing his talents.
Summary of Musical Forms
- Sonata form is composed of exposition, development, and recapitulation.
- The usual order of movements in a classical string quartet is fast, slow, minuet/scherzo, fast.
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