Questions and Answers
Match the educational philosophy with its aims:
Idealism = Focuses on spiritual, mental, and moral development Realism = Develops individual potential and meets personal needs Perennialism = Encourages rational thinking and understanding of universal truths Progressivism = Develops responsible and well-rounded individuals
Match the educational philosophy with its curriculum:
Idealism = Philosophy, Theology, History, Arts, and Values Education Pragmatism/Experimentalism = Integrates societal issues with interdisciplinary approaches Essentialism = Core skills and traditional subjects Existentialism = Varied content
Match the educational philosophy with its teaching methods:
Realism = Employs scientific methods and problem-solving Perennialism = Involves subject-centered teaching and discussions Progressivism = Uses problem-solving and cooperative learning Reconstructionism = Uses problem-solving and community projects
Match the educational philosophy with the role of teachers:
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Match the educational philosophy with the role of the school:
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Study Notes
Classical Schools of Thought
Idealism
- Focuses on spiritual, mental, and moral development.
- Curriculum includes Philosophy, Theology, History, Arts, and Values Education.
- Utilizes discussions, lectures, and meditation as teaching methods.
- Teachers create inspiring educational environments.
- Schools promote high cognitive and moral standards.
Realism
- Aims to develop individual potential and cater to personal needs.
- Combines subject matter with practical problem-solving skills in the curriculum.
- Employs scientific methods and problem-solving techniques for teaching.
- Teachers guide students in understanding physical forces and creating meaning.
- Schools emphasize discipline and the learner's superiority over content.
Contemporary Schools of Thought
Perennialism
- Encourages rational thinking and the understanding of universal truths.
- Curriculum focuses on Arts, Sciences, and great ideas.
- Involves subject-centered teaching and discussions.
- Teachers act as intellectual disciplinarians.
- Schools aim to produce intellectual elites.
Progressivism
- Develops responsible and well-rounded individuals.
- Emphasizes life experiences and child-centered learning in the curriculum.
- Uses problem-solving and cooperative learning as teaching methods.
- Facilitators of meaningful learning experiences serve as teachers.
- Schools provide real-life experiences for students.
Pragmatism/Experimentalism
- Focuses on social efficiency and innovation.
- Integrates societal issues with interdisciplinary approaches in the curriculum.
- Encourages experimental and project-based learning as teaching methods.
- Teachers facilitate group work among students.
- Schools act as miniature societies for democratic living.
Essentialism
- Prepares individuals to meet cultural demands.
- Curriculum includes core skills and traditional subjects.
- Utilizes drills and deductive methods for teaching.
- Teachers provide stimulating activities and maintain discipline.
- Schools ensure mastery of essential skills.
Existentialism
- Emphasizes individual freedom and choice.
- Offers varied content in the curriculum.
- Employs inquiry-based approaches for teaching.
- Teachers guide students with principles and values.
- Schools facilitate active interaction among learners.
Reconstructionism
- Addresses societal needs and promotes social change.
- Focuses on societal issues and problems in the curriculum.
- Uses problem-solving and community projects as teaching methods.
- Teachers encourage community involvement and problem-solving initiatives.
- Schools serve as primary agents of social change.
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