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Questions and Answers
What is the central focus of traditional education according to the classical tradition?
What is the central focus of traditional education according to the classical tradition?
In the classical educational process, how is the teacher characterized?
In the classical educational process, how is the teacher characterized?
Which belief is NOT associated with the classical tradition in education?
Which belief is NOT associated with the classical tradition in education?
What does pragmatism assert about the meaning of an idea?
What does pragmatism assert about the meaning of an idea?
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How does progressivism contrast with classical education?
How does progressivism contrast with classical education?
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What does utilitarianism emphasize in the context of education?
What does utilitarianism emphasize in the context of education?
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How do hedonists perceive the attainment of pleasure in their lives?
How do hedonists perceive the attainment of pleasure in their lives?
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What is a key principle of epicureanism?
What is a key principle of epicureanism?
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According to stoicism, how should one respond to difficulties and adversities?
According to stoicism, how should one respond to difficulties and adversities?
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What is a critique of general education in the context of utilitarianism?
What is a critique of general education in the context of utilitarianism?
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According to Dewey, what is the primary method through which learning occurs?
According to Dewey, what is the primary method through which learning occurs?
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What principle underlies Dewey's educational philosophy?
What principle underlies Dewey's educational philosophy?
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Which of the following best describes the focus of Dewey's educational approach?
Which of the following best describes the focus of Dewey's educational approach?
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How does behaviourism view the role of the environment in shaping a learner?
How does behaviourism view the role of the environment in shaping a learner?
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Which statement best captures John B. Watson's perspective on behaviorism?
Which statement best captures John B. Watson's perspective on behaviorism?
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What is one of the methods mentioned that aligns with Dewey's philosophy?
What is one of the methods mentioned that aligns with Dewey's philosophy?
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What perspective do some educators hold about a learner’s choices in relation to their environment?
What perspective do some educators hold about a learner’s choices in relation to their environment?
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Which of the following statements would be inconsistent with Dewey’s educational views?
Which of the following statements would be inconsistent with Dewey’s educational views?
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What does Teacher C suggest about the nature of learning?
What does Teacher C suggest about the nature of learning?
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According to the rationale behind Social Reconstructivism, what is the primary focus of education?
According to the rationale behind Social Reconstructivism, what is the primary focus of education?
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What philosophical approach does Teacher D associate with the concept of education?
What philosophical approach does Teacher D associate with the concept of education?
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Which statement best reflects the belief of Social Reconstructionists regarding education?
Which statement best reflects the belief of Social Reconstructionists regarding education?
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How do Social Reconstructionists perceive the role of students in society?
How do Social Reconstructionists perceive the role of students in society?
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What is implied about knowledge in the context of Rationalism?
What is implied about knowledge in the context of Rationalism?
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What is the ultimate aim of education according to proponents of Social Reconstructionism?
What is the ultimate aim of education according to proponents of Social Reconstructionism?
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In Rationalism, which statement about virtue and happiness is accurate?
In Rationalism, which statement about virtue and happiness is accurate?
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What is the primary focus of Idealism as described?
What is the primary focus of Idealism as described?
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According to Realism, where does ultimate reality reside?
According to Realism, where does ultimate reality reside?
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Which philosopher is primarily associated with Empiricism?
Which philosopher is primarily associated with Empiricism?
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What central idea is represented in Existentialism?
What central idea is represented in Existentialism?
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What do Essentialists primarily emphasize in education?
What do Essentialists primarily emphasize in education?
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What aspect of knowledge does Perennialism focus on?
What aspect of knowledge does Perennialism focus on?
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Which of the following best summarizes the view of Idealism on knowledge?
Which of the following best summarizes the view of Idealism on knowledge?
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What does Existentialism suggest about individual existence?
What does Existentialism suggest about individual existence?
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Which educational philosophy emphasizes the observation of truth as objective?
Which educational philosophy emphasizes the observation of truth as objective?
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Who are the notable supporters of Realism mentioned?
Who are the notable supporters of Realism mentioned?
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Study Notes
Philosophical Foundations of Education
- Idealism (Plato): Ideas are the only true reality; what exists is in the mind; ideas are independent of the physical world; knowledge is innate. Values: perfect being (God), spirits, "dreams" and "wants."
Realism (Aristotle)
- Reality: Exists independent of the human mind; reality is in the physical world; ultimate reality is the world of physical objects; truth is objective.
Empiricism (John Locke)
- Knowledge: Arises from experience; what is sensed, provided by the senses is the only source of knowledge; sense experience is the basis of knowledge; sense-based experience is the only route to knowledge.
Existentialism (Soren Kierkegaard)
- Reality: Subjective; lies within the individual; individual choice and standards are central; responsible for the consequences of choices; freedom in destiny; unique individual; existence precedes essence.
Essentialism (William Bagley)
- Education: Focuses on the basics like reading, writing, and arithmetic; subject matter is central; teacher is authority; essence precedes existence.
Perennialism (Robert Hutchins)
- Education: Confronting recurring problems; study of great books; search for and understand truths found in great works of civilization; fixed curriculum, subject-centered, emphasizing literature, math, language, and history.
Pragmatism (Charles Sanders Peirce)
- Truth and Meaning: Meaning of an idea is determined by consequences; if it works, it's true; belief in change; experimental method; practicality.
Progressivism (Francis W. Parker/John Dewey)
- Education focus: On the whole child, problem-solving, meaning-making through experience; learner actively interacts with others; emphasis on learning by doing.
Behaviourism (John B. Watson)
- Education modification of student behavior; learning through environmental stimuli, rewards, and reinforcement; behavior is shaped by environment.
Social Reconstructivism (George Counts & Harold Rugg)
- Education: Addresses social and cultural issues; involves students in confronting societal problems; reconstructing society to address cultural crises.
Utilitarianism (Herbert Spencer)
- Education: Vocational; specialized training; skills for survival in a complex society; practical objectives, scientific.
Hedonism
- Pleasure is the only good; will do anything to achieve pleasure.
Epicureanism
- Form of hedonism; highest pleasure is a simple life; pleasure is attainable through reason.
Stoicism
- Patience and endurance; acceptance of adversity; difficulties and adversities are to be patiently endured.
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Description
Explore the key philosophies that shape education, including Idealism, Realism, Empiricism, Existentialism, and Essentialism. This quiz will test your understanding of how each philosopher views reality, knowledge, and the essence of education. Delve into the intricate ideas and values that define educational thought.
