Questions and Answers
What does 'Altepetl' mean?
What does 'Amantecatl' mean?
What does 'Atl' mean?
What does 'Cihuatl' mean?
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What does 'Coyotl' mean?
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What does 'Cueyatl' mean?
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What does 'Huexolotl' mean?
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What does 'huilotl' mean?
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What does 'ichcatl' mean?
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What does 'ilhuicatl' mean?
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What is the translation of 'mazatl'?
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What is the translation of 'Mexihcatl'?
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What is the translation of 'Ocelotl'?
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What is the translation of 'pitzotl'?
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What is the translation of 'pochtecatl'?
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What is the translation of 'tecolotl'?
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What is the translation of 'tepetl'?
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What is the translation of 'tlacatl'?
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What is the translation of 'tototl'?
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What is the translation of 'xochitl'?
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What is the translation of 'cihtli'?
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What is the translation of 'cuauhtli'?
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What is the translation of 'itzcuintli'?
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What is the translation of 'miztli'?
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What is the translation of 'nantli'?
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What is the translation of 'oquichtli'?
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What is the translation of 'tahtli'?
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What is the translation of 'tlacualli'?
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What is the translation of 'tianquiztli'?
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The word 'cualli' means ___
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The word 'ahcualli' means ___
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What does 'campa in cihuatl?' mean?
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What does 'campa in oquichtli?' mean?
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What does 'campa in oquichtin?' mean?
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Nouns that end in -tl usually change the singular suffix -tl to -h when in plural form. Example: tlacatl (person) > ___
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Nouns that refer to animals often change the singular suffix -tl to -meh. Example: totil (bird) > ___
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Study Notes
Classical Nahuatl Vocabulary
- Altepetl: Refers to a city or town, central to Nahua civilization.
- Amantecatl: Means artisan, signifying skilled craftspeople in society.
- Atl: Translates to water, essential for sustenance and culture.
- Cihuatl: Stands for women or female, highlighting gender roles.
- Coyotl: Means coyote, an important animal in Nahuatl mythology.
- Cueyatl: Translates to frog, indicating the biodiversity of the region.
- Huexolotl: Refers specifically to a male turkey, a domesticated bird.
- Huilotl: Means dove, symbolizing peace and connection to the gods.
- Ichcatl: Represents cotton or lamb, important for textiles and agriculture.
- Ilhuicatl: Translates to sky, often associated with deities and the cosmos.
- In: Simple determiner translating to "the."
- Mazatl: Refers to deer, significant in hunting and mythology.
- Mexihcatl: Designates someone from Mexico or an Aztec individual.
- Ocelotl: Means jaguar, a powerful symbol in Nahuatl culture.
- Pitzotl: Stands for boar or pig, relevant in food culture.
- Pochtecatl: Refers to a merchant, vital for trade and economy.
- Tecolotl: Translates to owl, often seen as a messenger of the night.
- Tepetl: Means hill, referencing the topography of the region.
- Tlacatl: Denotes a person, highlighting human identity.
- Tototl: Refers to bird, representing freedom and nature.
- Xochitl: Translates to flower, symbolizing beauty in culture.
Numerical Terms
- Ce: Means one, foundational in counting.
- Ome: Means two, continuing the numeric sequence.
- Yei: Stands for three, integral in various cultural contexts.
- Nahui: Denotes four, often appearing in rituals.
- Macuilli: Represents five, significant in mathematics and astronomy.
- Chicuace: Means six, mirroring the structure of the counting system.
- Chicome: Translates to seven, often used in traditional counts.
- Chicuei: Means eight, fitting into cultural numeral significance.
- Chicunahui: Refers to nine, eldest before completion of ten.
- Mahtlactli: Stands for ten, symbolizing fullness or completeness.
Common Phrases and Expressions
- Aca: Means someone, indicating indefinite people.
- Ahmo: Translates to no, not, indicating negation.
- Ahtle & Ahtlein: Stands for nothing, emphasizing absence.
- Ahzo: Means maybe, perhaps, conveying uncertainty.
- Cah/Cateh: Represents is/are, forming basic sentences.
- Campa & Canin: Used to ask "where?"
- Cuix: Indicates maybe or perhaps, similar to "ahzo."
- Ipampa: Means because, useful for causal statements.
- Ipan: Translates to in, on, upon, indicating position or time.
- Nican: Means here, specifying location.
- Ompa: Translates to over there, pointing to distance.
- Quemah: Stands for yes, confirming statements.
- Quenin: Means how, used when asking for methods.
- Quezqui: Asks how many or how much, quantifying inquiries.
- Tla: Signifies if, presenting conditionality.
- Tle & Tlein: Means what, seeking information.
- Tleca: Asks why, expressing curiosity.
- Uncan: Refers to there, delineating place.
Noun Pluralization Rules
- Nouns ending in -tl typically change to -h in their plural form, e.g., tlacatl (person) becomes tlacah (people).
- Nouns referring to animals often switch from -tl to -meh, e.g., tototl (bird) changes to totomeh (birds).
- Nouns ending in -tli change the suffix to -tin in plural, e.g., oquichtli (man) to oquichtin (men).
- Nouns ending in -li similarly shift to -tin in plural, illustrating language structure.
Important Family Terms
- Cihtli: Translates to grandmother, emphasizing family lineage.
- Cuauhtli: Means eagle, symbolizing strength and nobility.
- Itzcuintli: Refers to dog, often viewed as man's best friend.
- Miztli: Stands for puma, representing agility and power.
- Nantli: Means mother, central to family dynamics.
- Oquichtli: Translates to man, depicting male identity.
- Malli: Indicates captive or prisoner, reflecting societal structures.
- Ozomahtli: Represents monkey, emphasizing diversity in fauna.
- Nohpalli: Means cactus, crucial to local ecosystem.
- Tahtli: Stands for father, another key familial role.
- Tlacualli: Refers to food, essential for sustenance.
- Tianquiztli: Means marketplace or tianguis, important for trade.
- Ahcualli: Translates to bad, used in ethical discussions.
- Cualli: Means good, often contrasted with "ahcualli."
- Milli: Refers to field or milpa, significant in agriculture.
- Yohualli: Translates to night, essential in timekeeping and mythology.
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Test your knowledge of Classical Nahuatl vocabulary with these flashcards. Each card presents a word along with its definition, helping you to expand your understanding of this ancient language. Perfect for learners at any level!
