Classical Criminology Principles
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Questions and Answers

What is the main focus of the social milieu school of thought?

  • The criminal's social environment (correct)
  • The punishment and rehabilitation of criminals
  • The victims of crime
  • The criminal's psychological motivations

    • What is the juridical conception of crime based on?

  • The idea that crime is caused by psychological factors
  • The idea that crime is caused by biological factors
  • The idea that crime is a voluntary act committed by persons exercising a deliberate choice (correct)
  • The idea that crime is a product of social conditions

    • What is the main focus of positivist criminology?

  • The rehabilitation of criminals
  • The psychological motivations of the criminal
  • The social environment of the criminal
  • The study of the causes of crime using scientific methods (correct)

    • What is the assumption of the social structure approach?

    <p>That crime is caused by social and economic structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal of punishment according to classical criminology?

    <p>To deter criminal behaviour</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of the study of criminology?

    <p>The crime and the law</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between the social structure and social process approaches?

    <p>The social structure approach focuses on social structures, while the social process approach focuses on individual flaws</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the underlying assumption of the social milieu school of thought?

    <p>That crime is caused by social and economic structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of positivist criminology?

    <p>The criminal and their social environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which school of thought rejects the juridical concept of crime?

    <p>Critical criminology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of sanctions in positivist criminology?

    <p>Treatment and reform</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key characteristic of positivist criminology?

    <p>Belief in determinism and the role of external factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main criticism of positivist criminology?

    <p>It is subservient to the state and ignores the power dynamics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of critical criminology?

    <p>The political and economic structures of society</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key difference between positivist and critical criminology?

    <p>Their understanding of the causes of crime</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main argument of critical criminology regarding the state's role in crime?

    <p>The state is biased and focuses on powerless people</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the core idea behind critical criminology?

    <p>Lawbreakers are the real victims of state oppression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of feminist criminology?

    <p>Discrimination against women in the criminal justice system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which school of thought stereotypes female criminals as 'sick'?

    <p>Classic and positivist criminology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main concern of postmodern criminology?

    <p>The role of power in shaping crime definitions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do feminist criminologists argue about the expectations of crime victims?

    <p>They should not be expected to protect themselves against crime</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which concept of crime do feminist criminologists take as their point of departure?

    <p>Both the juridical and non-juridical concepts of crime</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the belief about the crime rate among women in feminist theory?

    <p>It will converge with men's crime rates as women's lifestyles become more like those of males</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is critical criminology also known as?

    <p>Radical criminology or Marxist or socialist criminology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Classical Criminology

    • All persons are equal in their rights and should be treated equally before the law.
    • People are motivated by pleasure to commit crimes and to avoid pain.
    • People are rational and their behavior is the product of free will.
    • The focus of the study of criminology is the crime (act) and the law.
    • Crime is a voluntary act committed by persons exercising a deliberate choice.
    • Punishment is essential to control/deter criminal behavior.
    • Classical criminology provides the origin of the concept of deterrence.
    • Punishment must be proportionate to the crime and has to be just and fair.
    • The victims of crime are of little or no importance.

    Social Milieu School of Thought

    • Two approaches: social structure and social process.
    • The structural approach focuses on social structure, economic systems, social disparities, family dysfunction, and social disorganization.
    • The process approach addresses variations in crime rates across structural conditions.
    • It is based on the juridical conception of crime.
    • The main focus is on the criminal's social environment.
    • Improved social conditions will prevent crime.
    • The emphasis is on external factors as causes of crime, and criminals are seen as victims of social conditions over which they have little control.

    Positivist Criminology

    • Uses the scientific method of the natural sciences.
    • Human behavior is a product of social, biological, psychological, or economic forces.
    • Rejects free will and rational choice.
    • Focuses on determinism.
    • Emphasizes the criminal, not the crime.
    • Human behavior is determined by biological, psychological, and socioeconomic factors.
    • Crime and victimization may be prevented by medical and psychological treatment and improving socioeconomic conditions.
    • The purpose of sanctions is to provide treatment and reform.

    Critical Criminology (Conflict or Radical Theory)

    • Views crime as a product of the capitalist system.
    • Rejects the juridical crime concept and traditional causes of crime.
    • Sees crime as a rational choice.
    • The state is selective and biased, focusing on acts committed by powerless people.
    • Economic and political discrimination are seen as causes of crime.
    • Lawbreakers are the real victims because they are oppressed by the state.
    • Crime could be prevented by empowering the people, repealing unjust laws, and through diversion rather than imprisonment.

    Feminist Criminology

    • The theory suggests that the lower crime rate for women can be explained by their "second-class" economic and social position.
    • The feminist school of thought is concerned with discrimination against women in society.
    • Both classic and positivist criminology stereotype female criminals as "sick".
    • Feminists question the expectation that victims should prevent crimes against themselves.
    • Feminist criminologists point out that neither positivist nor critical criminology explains the low crime rate among women.
    • They take both the juridical and non-juridical concepts of crime as their point of departure.
    • They focus on discrimination against women in the criminal justice system.
    • They point out hidden crimes against women, such as domestic violence and sexual crimes.

    Postmodern Criminology

    • Focuses on the use of language by those in power to define crime based on their own values and biases.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the fundamental principles of classical criminology, including the concept of equal rights, motivation, human behavior, and the role of punishment in crime control.

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