Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the main focus of the social milieu school of thought?
What is the main focus of the social milieu school of thought?
What is the juridical conception of crime based on?
What is the juridical conception of crime based on?
What is the main focus of positivist criminology?
What is the main focus of positivist criminology?
What is the assumption of the social structure approach?
What is the assumption of the social structure approach?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the goal of punishment according to classical criminology?
What is the goal of punishment according to classical criminology?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the focus of the study of criminology?
What is the focus of the study of criminology?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main difference between the social structure and social process approaches?
What is the main difference between the social structure and social process approaches?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the underlying assumption of the social milieu school of thought?
What is the underlying assumption of the social milieu school of thought?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary focus of positivist criminology?
What is the primary focus of positivist criminology?
Signup and view all the answers
Which school of thought rejects the juridical concept of crime?
Which school of thought rejects the juridical concept of crime?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary goal of sanctions in positivist criminology?
What is the primary goal of sanctions in positivist criminology?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a key characteristic of positivist criminology?
Which of the following is a key characteristic of positivist criminology?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main criticism of positivist criminology?
What is the main criticism of positivist criminology?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary focus of critical criminology?
What is the primary focus of critical criminology?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a key difference between positivist and critical criminology?
Which of the following is a key difference between positivist and critical criminology?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main argument of critical criminology regarding the state's role in crime?
What is the main argument of critical criminology regarding the state's role in crime?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the core idea behind critical criminology?
What is the core idea behind critical criminology?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the focus of feminist criminology?
What is the focus of feminist criminology?
Signup and view all the answers
Which school of thought stereotypes female criminals as 'sick'?
Which school of thought stereotypes female criminals as 'sick'?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main concern of postmodern criminology?
What is the main concern of postmodern criminology?
Signup and view all the answers
What do feminist criminologists argue about the expectations of crime victims?
What do feminist criminologists argue about the expectations of crime victims?
Signup and view all the answers
Which concept of crime do feminist criminologists take as their point of departure?
Which concept of crime do feminist criminologists take as their point of departure?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the belief about the crime rate among women in feminist theory?
What is the belief about the crime rate among women in feminist theory?
Signup and view all the answers
What is critical criminology also known as?
What is critical criminology also known as?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Classical Criminology
- All persons are equal in their rights and should be treated equally before the law.
- People are motivated by pleasure to commit crimes and to avoid pain.
- People are rational and their behavior is the product of free will.
- The focus of the study of criminology is the crime (act) and the law.
- Crime is a voluntary act committed by persons exercising a deliberate choice.
- Punishment is essential to control/deter criminal behavior.
- Classical criminology provides the origin of the concept of deterrence.
- Punishment must be proportionate to the crime and has to be just and fair.
- The victims of crime are of little or no importance.
Social Milieu School of Thought
- Two approaches: social structure and social process.
- The structural approach focuses on social structure, economic systems, social disparities, family dysfunction, and social disorganization.
- The process approach addresses variations in crime rates across structural conditions.
- It is based on the juridical conception of crime.
- The main focus is on the criminal's social environment.
- Improved social conditions will prevent crime.
- The emphasis is on external factors as causes of crime, and criminals are seen as victims of social conditions over which they have little control.
Positivist Criminology
- Uses the scientific method of the natural sciences.
- Human behavior is a product of social, biological, psychological, or economic forces.
- Rejects free will and rational choice.
- Focuses on determinism.
- Emphasizes the criminal, not the crime.
- Human behavior is determined by biological, psychological, and socioeconomic factors.
- Crime and victimization may be prevented by medical and psychological treatment and improving socioeconomic conditions.
- The purpose of sanctions is to provide treatment and reform.
Critical Criminology (Conflict or Radical Theory)
- Views crime as a product of the capitalist system.
- Rejects the juridical crime concept and traditional causes of crime.
- Sees crime as a rational choice.
- The state is selective and biased, focusing on acts committed by powerless people.
- Economic and political discrimination are seen as causes of crime.
- Lawbreakers are the real victims because they are oppressed by the state.
- Crime could be prevented by empowering the people, repealing unjust laws, and through diversion rather than imprisonment.
Feminist Criminology
- The theory suggests that the lower crime rate for women can be explained by their "second-class" economic and social position.
- The feminist school of thought is concerned with discrimination against women in society.
- Both classic and positivist criminology stereotype female criminals as "sick".
- Feminists question the expectation that victims should prevent crimes against themselves.
- Feminist criminologists point out that neither positivist nor critical criminology explains the low crime rate among women.
- They take both the juridical and non-juridical concepts of crime as their point of departure.
- They focus on discrimination against women in the criminal justice system.
- They point out hidden crimes against women, such as domestic violence and sexual crimes.
Postmodern Criminology
- Focuses on the use of language by those in power to define crime based on their own values and biases.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
This quiz covers the fundamental principles of classical criminology, including the concept of equal rights, motivation, human behavior, and the role of punishment in crime control.