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Questions and Answers
Which type of learning involves becoming more sensitive to a particular stimulus?
Which type of learning involves becoming more sensitive to a particular stimulus?
- Classical conditioning
- Sensitization (correct)
- Operant conditioning
- Habituation
What is the primary focus of the lecture on learning concepts?
What is the primary focus of the lecture on learning concepts?
- Habituation, sensitization, and the dual process theory (correct)
- Pavlovian conditioning
- Operant conditioning
- Classical conditioning
What are the noticeable changes used to categorize learning?
What are the noticeable changes used to categorize learning?
- Physical, emotional, and cognitive changes
- Cognitive, emotional, and social changes
- Motor, sensory, and emotional changes
- Behaviour, physiology, and neural reactions or processes (correct)
Which type of learning involves getting used to something and starting to ignore it?
Which type of learning involves getting used to something and starting to ignore it?
What can learning lead to in terms of physical changes?
What can learning lead to in terms of physical changes?
According to the lecture, what is an example of habituation?
According to the lecture, what is an example of habituation?
What does sensitization involve?
What does sensitization involve?
Which type of learning involves making a link or association between a stimulus and a response?
Which type of learning involves making a link or association between a stimulus and a response?
What is the process where sensory receptors fatigue and stop responding to an unchanging stimulus?
What is the process where sensory receptors fatigue and stop responding to an unchanging stimulus?
What is the focus of sensory adaptation compared to habituation?
What is the focus of sensory adaptation compared to habituation?
What is the recovery of responsiveness to a previously habituated stimulus, often triggered by introducing a new or 'novel' stimulus?
What is the recovery of responsiveness to a previously habituated stimulus, often triggered by introducing a new or 'novel' stimulus?
What is the result of classical conditioning?
What is the result of classical conditioning?
Which type of learning involves either learning to ignore a stimulus or becoming more sensitive to it without positive or negative reinforcement?
Which type of learning involves either learning to ignore a stimulus or becoming more sensitive to it without positive or negative reinforcement?
What determines whether habituation or sensitization occurs?
What determines whether habituation or sensitization occurs?
What refers to a decrease in response aptitude or frequency back down to baseline as a consequence of repeated experience with a stimulus and is often used in therapeutic contexts?
What refers to a decrease in response aptitude or frequency back down to baseline as a consequence of repeated experience with a stimulus and is often used in therapeutic contexts?
Who first studied classical conditioning?
Who first studied classical conditioning?
What is the process where the first bite of food often tastes the best, and habituation is slower when there's a variety of foods?
What is the process where the first bite of food often tastes the best, and habituation is slower when there's a variety of foods?
What are the phases of classical conditioning?
What are the phases of classical conditioning?
What is the simultaneous occurrence of habituation and sensitization in response to a stimulus, determined by the nature of the stimulus?
What is the simultaneous occurrence of habituation and sensitization in response to a stimulus, determined by the nature of the stimulus?
What does learning in classical conditioning follow?
What does learning in classical conditioning follow?
What can unconditioned stimuli be in classical conditioning?
What can unconditioned stimuli be in classical conditioning?
What is the tendency to respond to similar but not identical stimuli called in classical conditioning?
What is the tendency to respond to similar but not identical stimuli called in classical conditioning?
Who provided evidence for the stimulus substitution theory using conditioned pigeons and a light as the conditioned stimulus?
Who provided evidence for the stimulus substitution theory using conditioned pigeons and a light as the conditioned stimulus?
What behavior can provide insights into addictive behaviors in classical conditioning experiments?
What behavior can provide insights into addictive behaviors in classical conditioning experiments?
Which theory suggests that the conditioned stimulus becomes a substitute for the unconditioned stimulus in classical conditioning?
Which theory suggests that the conditioned stimulus becomes a substitute for the unconditioned stimulus in classical conditioning?
What is the learned ability to respond differently to similar stimuli called in classical conditioning?
What is the learned ability to respond differently to similar stimuli called in classical conditioning?
Which type of behavior focuses on the outcome or reward itself in classical conditioning experiments?
Which type of behavior focuses on the outcome or reward itself in classical conditioning experiments?
What contradicts the stimulus substitution theory in classical conditioning?
What contradicts the stimulus substitution theory in classical conditioning?
What involves appetitive and aversive stimuli in classical conditioning?
What involves appetitive and aversive stimuli in classical conditioning?
What is the tendency to respond to similar but not identical stimuli in classical conditioning?
What is the tendency to respond to similar but not identical stimuli in classical conditioning?
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Study Notes
Classical Conditioning and Behavioral Responses
- Classical conditioning involves appetitive and aversive stimuli, with the former requiring more acquisition trials and the latter being established more quickly due to high intensity.
- Pavlov's Stimulus Substitution Theory suggests that the conditioned stimulus becomes a substitute for the unconditioned stimulus, creating a neural association between the two.
- Jenkins and Moore's 1973 study provided evidence for the stimulus substitution theory using conditioned pigeons and a light as the conditioned stimulus.
- Sign trackers are attracted to the conditioned stimulus, while goal trackers focus on the outcome or reward itself in classical conditioning experiments.
- Sign tracking behavior can provide insights into addictive behaviors, as environmental cues associated with rewards can strongly influence behaviors, potentially leading to compulsive behaviors and addictions.
- Instances where the conditioned response differs from the unconditioned response contradict the stimulus substitution theory, leading to the development of the Preparatory Response Theory.
- Stimulus generalization is the tendency to respond to similar but not identical stimuli, while stimulus discrimination is the learned ability to respond differently to similar stimuli.
- Classical conditioning involves various elements including the neutral stimulus, unconditioned stimulus, conditioned stimulus, unconditioned response, and conditioned response.
- Theories of classical conditioning include the stimulus substitution hypothesis, the preparatory response theory, and the compensatory response model.
- Classical conditioning concepts like stimulus generalization and discrimination are crucial in understanding the process.
- Classical conditioning has implications for understanding addictive behaviors and the development of compulsive behaviors and addictions.
- Pavlov's dog experiment and Jenkins and Moore's study are key examples used to illustrate classical conditioning theories and concepts.
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