30 Questions
Which type of learning involves becoming more sensitive to a particular stimulus?
Sensitization
What is the primary focus of the lecture on learning concepts?
Habituation, sensitization, and the dual process theory
What are the noticeable changes used to categorize learning?
Behaviour, physiology, and neural reactions or processes
Which type of learning involves getting used to something and starting to ignore it?
Habituation
What can learning lead to in terms of physical changes?
Changes in the body's muscles and nervous system
According to the lecture, what is an example of habituation?
Getting used to the sound of traffic outside your window
What does sensitization involve?
Enhancing senses and becoming more sensitive to a particular stimulus
Which type of learning involves making a link or association between a stimulus and a response?
Associative learning
What is the process where sensory receptors fatigue and stop responding to an unchanging stimulus?
Sensory adaptation
What is the focus of sensory adaptation compared to habituation?
Sensory adaptation is focused on sensory level changes, while habituation is more concerned with behavioral responses.
What is the recovery of responsiveness to a previously habituated stimulus, often triggered by introducing a new or 'novel' stimulus?
Dis-habituation
What is the result of classical conditioning?
Neutral stimulus (NS) becomes the conditioned stimulus (CS), capable of eliciting the conditioned response (CR).
Which type of learning involves either learning to ignore a stimulus or becoming more sensitive to it without positive or negative reinforcement?
Non-associative learning
What determines whether habituation or sensitization occurs?
The strength of a stimulus determines whether habituation or sensitization occurs.
What refers to a decrease in response aptitude or frequency back down to baseline as a consequence of repeated experience with a stimulus and is often used in therapeutic contexts?
Desensitization
Who first studied classical conditioning?
Ivan Pavlov
What is the process where the first bite of food often tastes the best, and habituation is slower when there's a variety of foods?
Sensory-specific satiety
What are the phases of classical conditioning?
Acquisition, extinction, and spontaneous recovery
What is the simultaneous occurrence of habituation and sensitization in response to a stimulus, determined by the nature of the stimulus?
Non-associative learning
What does learning in classical conditioning follow?
A negatively accelerating curve, reaching a plateau but still continues.
What can unconditioned stimuli be in classical conditioning?
Appetitive (eliciting approach responses) or aversive (eliciting avoidance responses).
What is the tendency to respond to similar but not identical stimuli called in classical conditioning?
Stimulus generalization
Who provided evidence for the stimulus substitution theory using conditioned pigeons and a light as the conditioned stimulus?
Jenkins and Moore
What behavior can provide insights into addictive behaviors in classical conditioning experiments?
Sign tracking
Which theory suggests that the conditioned stimulus becomes a substitute for the unconditioned stimulus in classical conditioning?
Pavlov's Stimulus Substitution Theory
What is the learned ability to respond differently to similar stimuli called in classical conditioning?
Stimulus discrimination
Which type of behavior focuses on the outcome or reward itself in classical conditioning experiments?
Goal tracking
What contradicts the stimulus substitution theory in classical conditioning?
Instances where the conditioned response differs from the unconditioned response
What involves appetitive and aversive stimuli in classical conditioning?
Classical conditioning
What is the tendency to respond to similar but not identical stimuli in classical conditioning?
Stimulus generalization
Study Notes
Classical Conditioning and Behavioral Responses
- Classical conditioning involves appetitive and aversive stimuli, with the former requiring more acquisition trials and the latter being established more quickly due to high intensity.
- Pavlov's Stimulus Substitution Theory suggests that the conditioned stimulus becomes a substitute for the unconditioned stimulus, creating a neural association between the two.
- Jenkins and Moore's 1973 study provided evidence for the stimulus substitution theory using conditioned pigeons and a light as the conditioned stimulus.
- Sign trackers are attracted to the conditioned stimulus, while goal trackers focus on the outcome or reward itself in classical conditioning experiments.
- Sign tracking behavior can provide insights into addictive behaviors, as environmental cues associated with rewards can strongly influence behaviors, potentially leading to compulsive behaviors and addictions.
- Instances where the conditioned response differs from the unconditioned response contradict the stimulus substitution theory, leading to the development of the Preparatory Response Theory.
- Stimulus generalization is the tendency to respond to similar but not identical stimuli, while stimulus discrimination is the learned ability to respond differently to similar stimuli.
- Classical conditioning involves various elements including the neutral stimulus, unconditioned stimulus, conditioned stimulus, unconditioned response, and conditioned response.
- Theories of classical conditioning include the stimulus substitution hypothesis, the preparatory response theory, and the compensatory response model.
- Classical conditioning concepts like stimulus generalization and discrimination are crucial in understanding the process.
- Classical conditioning has implications for understanding addictive behaviors and the development of compulsive behaviors and addictions.
- Pavlov's dog experiment and Jenkins and Moore's study are key examples used to illustrate classical conditioning theories and concepts.
Test your knowledge of classical conditioning with this quiz covering key concepts such as appetitive and aversive stimuli, Pavlov's Stimulus Substitution Theory, sign tracking behavior, stimulus generalization, and more. Explore theories and examples related to classical conditioning and its implications for addictive behaviors.
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