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Questions and Answers
What is the term for the stimulus that comes to predict another stimulus that is biologically important?
What is the term for the stimulus that comes to predict another stimulus that is biologically important?
- Conditioned Stimulus (correct)
- Conditioned Response
- Unconditioned Stimulus
- Unconditioned Response
In Pavlov's classical conditioning research, meat powder was used as the ________.
In Pavlov's classical conditioning research, meat powder was used as the ________.
Unconditioned Stimulus
In classical conditioning, the diminishing of the CR following removal of the UCS is called ______________.
In classical conditioning, the diminishing of the CR following removal of the UCS is called ______________.
Extinction
In Pavlov's classical conditioning research, a tone was used as the ________.
In Pavlov's classical conditioning research, a tone was used as the ________.
What was the unconditioned stimulus in the Little Albert experiment?
What was the unconditioned stimulus in the Little Albert experiment?
___________ refers to the process by which two different stimuli are differentiated such that only stimuli very similar to the conditioned stimulus elicit the conditioned response.
___________ refers to the process by which two different stimuli are differentiated such that only stimuli very similar to the conditioned stimulus elicit the conditioned response.
Response automatically elicited by the unconditioned stimulus:
Response automatically elicited by the unconditioned stimulus:
What does negative reinforcement do to the probability of the behavior?
What does negative reinforcement do to the probability of the behavior?
What is the conditioned stimulus in Pavlov's research?
What is the conditioned stimulus in Pavlov's research?
The unlearned reflexive response to the unconditioned stimulus is the _________.
The unlearned reflexive response to the unconditioned stimulus is the _________.
______________ refers to the idea that we more readily learn conditioned stimulus that are relevant to our environment and our survival.
______________ refers to the idea that we more readily learn conditioned stimulus that are relevant to our environment and our survival.
When the conditioned stimulus elicits an emotional response, it is called a __________.
When the conditioned stimulus elicits an emotional response, it is called a __________.
What is an unconditioned response?
What is an unconditioned response?
_____________ comes to predict the occurrence of UCS.
_____________ comes to predict the occurrence of UCS.
What is the unconditioned stimulus in advertising using celebrities?
What is the unconditioned stimulus in advertising using celebrities?
What is a conditioned response?
What is a conditioned response?
In classical conditioning, an association is formed between:
In classical conditioning, an association is formed between:
_____________ is a reflexive stimulus that elicits an automatic and unlearned response.
_____________ is a reflexive stimulus that elicits an automatic and unlearned response.
What type of learning is classical conditioning?
What type of learning is classical conditioning?
What is a conditioned stimulus?
What is a conditioned stimulus?
_________ refers to a partial recovery in the strength of the conditioned response after extinction.
_________ refers to a partial recovery in the strength of the conditioned response after extinction.
_____________ refers to the fact that we learn more quickly about intenser stimuli.
_____________ refers to the fact that we learn more quickly about intenser stimuli.
What is the conditioned stimulus in advertising that uses celebrities?
What is the conditioned stimulus in advertising that uses celebrities?
What is the unconditioned stimulus in Pavlov's research?
What is the unconditioned stimulus in Pavlov's research?
What is a conditioned stimulus?
What is a conditioned stimulus?
CS (Abbreviation)
CS (Abbreviation)
US / UCS (Abbreviation)
US / UCS (Abbreviation)
UR / UCR (Abbreviation)
UR / UCR (Abbreviation)
CR (Abbreviation)
CR (Abbreviation)
_____________________ is the process by which a new conditioned response begins to occur as the conditioned stimulus is associated with the unconditioned stimulus by their repeated pairing.
_____________________ is the process by which a new conditioned response begins to occur as the conditioned stimulus is associated with the unconditioned stimulus by their repeated pairing.
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Study Notes
Classical Conditioning Concepts
- Conditioned Stimulus (CS): A stimulus that comes to predict another stimulus that is biologically important, leading to a reflexive response.
- Unconditioned Stimulus (US): An intrinsically meaningful stimulus that naturally elicits a response without prior learning. In Pavlov's experiment, meat powder served this role.
- Unconditioned Response (UR): An automatic and unlearned reaction to the unconditioned stimulus, such as salivation in response to meat powder.
- Conditioned Response (CR): A learned response to the conditioned stimulus after it has been paired with the unconditioned stimulus.
Extinction and Recovery
- Extinction: The process in which the conditioned response diminishes following the removal of the unconditioned stimulus.
- Spontaneous Recovery: A partial recovery in the strength of the conditioned response after a period of rest following extinction.
Discrimination and Generalization
- Discrimination: The ability to differentiate between similar stimuli, where only stimuli closely resembling the conditioned stimulus evoke the conditioned response.
- Generalization: The tendency for the conditioned response to occur in response to stimuli that are similar to the conditioned stimulus.
Biological Preparedness and Salience
- Biological Preparedness: The concept that organisms are predisposed to learn certain associations more easily, especially those important for survival.
- Salience: The principle that more intense stimuli are learned about more quickly than less intense stimuli, leading to stronger associations.
Emotional and Advertising Applications
- Conditioned Emotional Response: Emotional reactions that are learned through conditioning, often undergoing associations with certain stimuli.
- Use in Advertising: Celebrities serve as unconditioned stimuli to evoke positive feelings, which are then transferred to products (conditioned stimuli) through repeated pairings.
Definitions and Abbreviations
- CS: Abbreviation for Conditioned Stimulus.
- US/UCS: Abbreviation for Unconditioned Stimulus.
- UR/UCR: Abbreviation for Unconditioned Response.
- CR: Abbreviation for Conditioned Response.
- Acquisition: The process by which a conditioned response starts to occur when the conditioned stimulus is consistently paired with the unconditioned stimulus.
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