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Questions and Answers
What learning theory involves forming an association between two stimuli?
What learning theory involves forming an association between two stimuli?
- Cognitive Learning
- Observational Learning
- Operant Conditioning
- Classical Conditioning (correct)
Pavlov's experiment primarily focused on operant conditioning.
Pavlov's experiment primarily focused on operant conditioning.
False (B)
What is a conditioned reflex?
What is a conditioned reflex?
A learned reflex that occurs in response to a previously neutral stimulus.
In classical conditioning, the initial stimulus that naturally elicits a response is called the ______.
In classical conditioning, the initial stimulus that naturally elicits a response is called the ______.
Which of the following is an example of extinction in classical conditioning?
Which of the following is an example of extinction in classical conditioning?
Match the following terms with their definitions:
Match the following terms with their definitions:
Counterconditioning is a technique used to replace an undesirable emotional response with a desirable one.
Counterconditioning is a technique used to replace an undesirable emotional response with a desirable one.
What effect does spontaneous recovery have on a conditioned response?
What effect does spontaneous recovery have on a conditioned response?
What does a conditioned stimulus (CS) do in classical conditioning?
What does a conditioned stimulus (CS) do in classical conditioning?
Extinction occurs when a conditioned stimulus (CS) is paired with an unconditioned stimulus (UCS).
Extinction occurs when a conditioned stimulus (CS) is paired with an unconditioned stimulus (UCS).
What is counterconditioning?
What is counterconditioning?
In Pavlov's experiment, the _________ was the bell, which initially was a neutral stimulus.
In Pavlov's experiment, the _________ was the bell, which initially was a neutral stimulus.
Which term describes the tendency for a conditioned response (CR) to be evoked by stimuli similar to the original conditioned stimulus?
Which term describes the tendency for a conditioned response (CR) to be evoked by stimuli similar to the original conditioned stimulus?
Match the following terms with their correct definitions:
Match the following terms with their correct definitions:
Spontaneous recovery occurs immediately after extinction has taken place.
Spontaneous recovery occurs immediately after extinction has taken place.
Who conducted the experiments with Little Albert to demonstrate fear conditioning?
Who conducted the experiments with Little Albert to demonstrate fear conditioning?
What was the unconditioned stimulus (UCS) in Pavlov’s experiment?
What was the unconditioned stimulus (UCS) in Pavlov’s experiment?
A neutral stimulus will always produce a conditioned response.
A neutral stimulus will always produce a conditioned response.
What is the conditioned response (CR) in Pavlov’s experiment?
What is the conditioned response (CR) in Pavlov’s experiment?
In classical conditioning, the previously neutral stimulus is termed as the ______.
In classical conditioning, the previously neutral stimulus is termed as the ______.
Match the terms in classical conditioning with their correct definitions:
Match the terms in classical conditioning with their correct definitions:
What is the main idea of classical conditioning?
What is the main idea of classical conditioning?
Extinction in classical conditioning occurs when the conditioned stimulus is no longer paired with the unconditioned stimulus.
Extinction in classical conditioning occurs when the conditioned stimulus is no longer paired with the unconditioned stimulus.
What is counterconditioning?
What is counterconditioning?
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Study Notes
Classical Conditioning
- Simple learning process where a neutral stimulus becomes associated with another stimulus to elicit a response
- Also known as "respondent conditioning"
Key Terms
- Neutral Stimulus (NS): Does not initially elicit a response
- Unconditioned Stimulus (US): Naturally elicits a response without prior learning
- Unconditioned Response (UR): Automatic, unlearned response to the US
- Conditioned Stimulus (CS): Previously neutral stimulus that, after repeated pairings with the US, elicits the UR.
- Conditioned Response (CR): Learned response to the CS, similar to the UR
Pavlov's Dogs
- Pavlov's experiment demonstrated classical conditioning while studying salivation in dogs.
- Dogs LEARNED to salivate at the sound of a tone (CS) because it was repeatedly paired with the presentation of meat powder (UCS).
- The tone (CS) became associated with the meat powder (UCS), leading to the salivation response (CR).
Contributions of Ivan Pavlov
- Discovered that reflexes, which are typically unlearned, can be learned through association.
- Classical conditioning principle allows for understanding how new behaviors are learned through associations between stimuli.
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