Classical Conditioning Chapter 9-1-9-3 Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What response is caused by a neutral stimulus?

No response

A reflex is an example of what type of response?

Unconditioned response

How is conditioned response learned?

A conditioned response is acquired gradually over time.

How are the strongest associations between the conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus formed?

<p>The strongest associations are formed when the conditioned stimulus is presented just before the unconditioned stimulus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is conditional response acquired?

<p>A conditioned response is acquired gradually over time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process allows a second stimulus to cause the same response as the originally conditioned stimulus?

<p>Generalization</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can the conditional response become extinct?

<p>When the conditioned response no longer appears with the conditioned stimulus, then the conditioned response will become extinct.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of human behavior can be classically conditioned?

<p>Examples include taste aversions, fears, tension, and favorable feelings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can humans benefit from classical conditioning?

<p>Classical conditioning helps humans predict what is going to happen and is especially helpful for children learning boundaries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

A(n) ____________ _____________ leads to predictable responses typically without previous training.

<p>Unconditioned response</p> Signup and view all the answers

A(n) __________ _____________ before training has nothing to do with the response.

<p>Conditioned response</p> Signup and view all the answers

A(n) ____________ _____________ is a neutral event that leads to a specific response after training.

<p>Conditioned stimulus</p> Signup and view all the answers

_____________ _______________ is a type of learning in which an old response attaches to a new stimulus.

<p>Classical conditioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

A(n) ____________ _____________ occurs naturally and predictably without training.

<p>Unconditioned response</p> Signup and view all the answers

__________ is the loss of a conditioned response when the conditioned stimulus is removed.

<p>Extinction</p> Signup and view all the answers

____________ is the ability to respond differently to different stimuli.

<p>Discrimination</p> Signup and view all the answers

You are using _____________ when you respond to a second stimulus that is similar to a conditioned stimulus without additional training.

<p>Generalization</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between unconditioned response and conditioned response?

<p>Unconditioned occurs naturally and predictably without any training; conditioned is a natural event that occurs after training.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is generalization and discrimination?

<p>Generalization is when the stimulus can be generalized to a similar stimulus and still gain the same response; discrimination is when the participant can discriminate between stimuli and therefore weaken the effect on the required response.</p> Signup and view all the answers

A(n) ____________ reinforcer satisfies a biological need.

<p>Primary</p> Signup and view all the answers

What uses reinforcement to create new responses out of old responses?

<p>Shaping</p> Signup and view all the answers

A(n) __________ schedule provides reinforcement after a random number of responses.

<p>Variable ratio</p> Signup and view all the answers

What results when the removal of unpleasant consequences increases the frequency of behavior?

<p>Negative reinforcement</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is reinforcement?

<p>A stimulus or event that affects the likelihood a behavior will be repeated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is aversive control?

<p>A type of learning that results from unpleasant consequences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

A(n) ____________ schedule provides reinforcement based on a specific amount of time.

<p>Variable interval</p> Signup and view all the answers

A(n) ____________ schedule provides reinforcement based on a specific amount of time.

<p>Fixed interval</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are responses that occur in sequence a part of?

<p>Response chain</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what type of conditioning does a person's behavior prevent an unpleasant experience from happening?

<p>Avoidance conditioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Classical Conditioning Overview

  • A neutral stimulus initially causes no response but can lead to a conditioned response after training.
  • A reflex is an unconditioned response that occurs automatically without prior learning.

Learning and Conditioning Responses

  • Conditioned responses are acquired gradually over time.
  • The strongest associations between conditioned and unconditioned stimuli are established when the conditioned stimulus is presented immediately before the unconditioned stimulus.
  • Generalization allows a similar, second stimulus to elicit the same response that was conditioned with the first stimulus.

Extinction and Behavior

  • Conditioned responses can become extinct when the conditioned stimulus no longer elicits the response.
  • Various human behaviors, such as taste aversions, fears, and emotional responses, can be classically conditioned.
  • Classical conditioning aids in predicting future events and helps children establish boundaries.

Types of Responses

  • Unconditioned responses happen naturally without prior training.
  • Conditional responses arise after conditioning takes place and are linked to stimuli that were previously neutral.
  • A conditioned stimulus is a neutral event that acquires significance through conditioning.

Key Learning Concepts

  • Classical conditioning involves learning that combines old responses with new stimuli.
  • Discrimination enables individuals to respond differently to distinct stimuli, enhancing behavioral specificity.
  • Generalization indicates a reaction to stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus without additional training.

Reinforcement and Learning Types

  • Primary reinforcers satisfy biological needs, while shaping utilizes reinforcement to create new responses from established behaviors.
  • Variable ratio schedules deliver reinforcement after an unpredictable number of responses, while fixed interval schedules offer reinforcement based on a consistent time frame.
  • Negative reinforcement occurs when the removal of an unpleasant stimulus increases the likelihood of a behavior's repetition.
  • Aversive control describes a type of learning that stems from unpleasant consequences.

Schedules of Reinforcement

  • Variable interval reinforcement occurs based on a random interval of time.
  • A response chain involves a series of responses leading to a specific outcome, vital in conditioning.
  • Avoidance conditioning is where an individual's actions prevent undesired experiences from occurring.

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Test your knowledge of classical conditioning concepts with this set of flashcards. Covering key terms such as neutral stimulus and conditioned response, these flashcards are perfect for mastering chapters 9-1 to 9-3. Ideal for students looking to solidify their understanding of behavioral psychology.

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