Classical Conditioning Chapter 9-1-9-3 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What response is caused by a neutral stimulus?

No response

A reflex is an example of what type of response?

Unconditioned response

How is conditioned response learned?

A conditioned response is acquired gradually over time.

How are the strongest associations between the conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus formed?

The strongest associations are formed when the conditioned stimulus is presented just before the unconditioned stimulus. Signup and view all the answers

How is conditional response acquired?

A conditioned response is acquired gradually over time. Signup and view all the answers

What process allows a second stimulus to cause the same response as the originally conditioned stimulus?

Generalization Signup and view all the answers

How can the conditional response become extinct?

When the conditioned response no longer appears with the conditioned stimulus, then the conditioned response will become extinct. Signup and view all the answers

What type of human behavior can be classically conditioned?

Examples include taste aversions, fears, tension, and favorable feelings. Signup and view all the answers

How can humans benefit from classical conditioning?

Classical conditioning helps humans predict what is going to happen and is especially helpful for children learning boundaries. Signup and view all the answers

A(n) _ leads to predictable responses typically without previous training.

Unconditioned response Signup and view all the answers

A(n) ___ before training has nothing to do with the response.

Conditioned response Signup and view all the answers

A(n) _ is a neutral event that leads to a specific response after training.

Conditioned stimulus Signup and view all the answers

_ ___ is a type of learning in which an old response attaches to a new stimulus.

Classical conditioning Signup and view all the answers

A(n) _ occurs naturally and predictably without training.

Unconditioned response Signup and view all the answers

__________ is the loss of a conditioned response when the conditioned stimulus is removed.

Extinction Signup and view all the answers

____________ is the ability to respond differently to different stimuli.

Discrimination Signup and view all the answers

You are using _____________ when you respond to a second stimulus that is similar to a conditioned stimulus without additional training.

Generalization Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between unconditioned response and conditioned response?

Unconditioned occurs naturally and predictably without any training; conditioned is a natural event that occurs after training. Signup and view all the answers

What is generalization and discrimination?

Generalization is when the stimulus can be generalized to a similar stimulus and still gain the same response; discrimination is when the participant can discriminate between stimuli and therefore weaken the effect on the required response. Signup and view all the answers

A(n) ____________ reinforcer satisfies a biological need.

Primary Signup and view all the answers

What uses reinforcement to create new responses out of old responses?

Shaping Signup and view all the answers

A(n) __________ schedule provides reinforcement after a random number of responses.

Variable ratio Signup and view all the answers

What results when the removal of unpleasant consequences increases the frequency of behavior?

Negative reinforcement Signup and view all the answers

What is reinforcement?

A stimulus or event that affects the likelihood a behavior will be repeated. Signup and view all the answers

What is aversive control?

A type of learning that results from unpleasant consequences. Signup and view all the answers

A(n) ____________ schedule provides reinforcement based on a specific amount of time.

Variable interval Signup and view all the answers

A(n) ____________ schedule provides reinforcement based on a specific amount of time.

Fixed interval Signup and view all the answers

What are responses that occur in sequence a part of?

Response chain Signup and view all the answers

In what type of conditioning does a person's behavior prevent an unpleasant experience from happening?

Avoidance conditioning Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Classical Conditioning Overview

A neutral stimulus initially causes no response but can lead to a conditioned response after training.
A reflex is an unconditioned response that occurs automatically without prior learning.

Learning and Conditioning Responses

Conditioned responses are acquired gradually over time.
The strongest associations between conditioned and unconditioned stimuli are established when the conditioned stimulus is presented immediately before the unconditioned stimulus.
Generalization allows a similar, second stimulus to elicit the same response that was conditioned with the first stimulus.

Extinction and Behavior

Conditioned responses can become extinct when the conditioned stimulus no longer elicits the response.
Various human behaviors, such as taste aversions, fears, and emotional responses, can be classically conditioned.
Classical conditioning aids in predicting future events and helps children establish boundaries.

Types of Responses

Unconditioned responses happen naturally without prior training.
Conditional responses arise after conditioning takes place and are linked to stimuli that were previously neutral.
A conditioned stimulus is a neutral event that acquires significance through conditioning.

Key Learning Concepts

Classical conditioning involves learning that combines old responses with new stimuli.
Discrimination enables individuals to respond differently to distinct stimuli, enhancing behavioral specificity.
Generalization indicates a reaction to stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus without additional training.

Reinforcement and Learning Types

Primary reinforcers satisfy biological needs, while shaping utilizes reinforcement to create new responses from established behaviors.
Variable ratio schedules deliver reinforcement after an unpredictable number of responses, while fixed interval schedules offer reinforcement based on a consistent time frame.
Negative reinforcement occurs when the removal of an unpleasant stimulus increases the likelihood of a behavior's repetition.
Aversive control describes a type of learning that stems from unpleasant consequences.

Schedules of Reinforcement

Variable interval reinforcement occurs based on a random interval of time.
A response chain involves a series of responses leading to a specific outcome, vital in conditioning.
Avoidance conditioning is where an individual's actions prevent undesired experiences from occurring.

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Test your knowledge of classical conditioning concepts with this set of flashcards. Covering key terms such as neutral stimulus and conditioned response, these flashcards are perfect for mastering chapters 9-1 to 9-3. Ideal for students looking to solidify their understanding of behavioral psychology.

Classical Conditioning Chapter 9-1-9-3 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What response is caused by a neutral stimulus?

A reflex is an example of what type of response?

How is conditioned response learned?

How are the strongest associations between the conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus formed?

How is conditional response acquired?

What process allows a second stimulus to cause the same response as the originally conditioned stimulus?

How can the conditional response become extinct?

What type of human behavior can be classically conditioned?

How can humans benefit from classical conditioning?

A(n) ____________ _____________ leads to predictable responses typically without previous training.

A(n) __________ _____________ before training has nothing to do with the response.

A(n) ____________ _____________ is a neutral event that leads to a specific response after training.

_____________ _______________ is a type of learning in which an old response attaches to a new stimulus.

A(n) ____________ _____________ occurs naturally and predictably without training.

__________ is the loss of a conditioned response when the conditioned stimulus is removed.

____________ is the ability to respond differently to different stimuli.

You are using _____________ when you respond to a second stimulus that is similar to a conditioned stimulus without additional training.

What is the difference between unconditioned response and conditioned response?

What is generalization and discrimination?

A(n) ____________ reinforcer satisfies a biological need.

What uses reinforcement to create new responses out of old responses?

A(n) __________ schedule provides reinforcement after a random number of responses.

What results when the removal of unpleasant consequences increases the frequency of behavior?

What is reinforcement?

What is aversive control?

A(n) ____________ schedule provides reinforcement based on a specific amount of time.

A(n) ____________ schedule provides reinforcement based on a specific amount of time.

What are responses that occur in sequence a part of?

In what type of conditioning does a person's behavior prevent an unpleasant experience from happening?

Study Notes

Classical Conditioning Overview

Learning and Conditioning Responses

Extinction and Behavior

Types of Responses

Key Learning Concepts

Reinforcement and Learning Types

Schedules of Reinforcement

Studying That Suits You

Description

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A(n) _ leads to predictable responses typically without previous training.

A(n) ___ before training has nothing to do with the response.

A(n) _ is a neutral event that leads to a specific response after training.

_ ___ is a type of learning in which an old response attaches to a new stimulus.

A(n) _ occurs naturally and predictably without training.