Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT an application of classical conditioning?
Which of the following is NOT an application of classical conditioning?
What is one application of classical conditioning in understanding health-related behaviors?
What is one application of classical conditioning in understanding health-related behaviors?
Conditioning of the immune system
What is aversion therapy?
What is aversion therapy?
What did Ader & Cohen (1975) demonstrate about classical conditioning and the immune system?
What did Ader & Cohen (1975) demonstrate about classical conditioning and the immune system?
Signup and view all the answers
Phobias can develop without any trauma.
Phobias can develop without any trauma.
Signup and view all the answers
Conditioned suppression paradigm involves a CS predicting a forthcoming _____.
Conditioned suppression paradigm involves a CS predicting a forthcoming _____.
Signup and view all the answers
Which emotional reaction is associated with classical conditioning?
Which emotional reaction is associated with classical conditioning?
Signup and view all the answers
What is evaluative conditioning?
What is evaluative conditioning?
Signup and view all the answers
In classical conditioning, what does the CS stand for?
In classical conditioning, what does the CS stand for?
Signup and view all the answers
An important factor in how people judge information according to the R-W model is:
An important factor in how people judge information according to the R-W model is:
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Applications of Classical Conditioning
- Classical conditioning helps in understanding normal behaviors, learned emotional responses, and contingency judgments.
- It aids in recognizing problem behaviors such as phobias, anxiety, and attentional issues in schizophrenia.
- Plays a role in health-related behaviors, including immune responses and taste aversions.
- Includes behavior modification techniques like aversion therapy, flooding, and systematic desensitization.
Development of 'Normal' Behaviours: Emotional Reactions
- Initially neutral stimuli can elicit various emotional reactions based on their pairing with positive or aversive events.
- Conditioned stimuli (CS) can include specific events, objects, or even general contexts like time of day.
Evaluative Conditioning
- Evaluative conditioning differs from classical conditioning, as argued by researchers like Martin & Levey.
- Backward conditioning can produce changes in evaluations, demonstrating that direction of stimulus pairing may not be critical.
- This form of conditioning is notably resistant to extinction.
Importance of Outcome Information
- The magnitude of an outcome influences judgment formation, highlighting the significance of prior experiences.
- The order of information presented affects perception and decision-making, particularly in early trials.
Understanding 'Problem' Behaviours: Phobias
- Phobias can arise without trauma, though the absence of recollection does not negate potential past experiences.
- Fears may develop through vicarious learning, combining classical conditioning with observational learning processes.
Predictive Stimuli and Anxiety
- Significant future events are marked by predictive stimuli, with absence indicating relaxation opportunities.
- In non-contingent scenarios, the general environment serves as a constant predictor of aversive events, increasing fear.
Health-Related Behaviours: Immune System
- Ader & Cohen’s experiment involved sweetened water as a CS, paired with cyclophosphamide (US) to suppress the immune system.
- Testing showed that only the experimental group, conditioned with sweetened water, exhibited reduced immune responses.
Behaviour Modification Techniques: Aversion Therapy
- Aversion therapy involves making stimuli linked to problematic behaviors aversive using techniques such as emetic drugs for alcohol dependency.
- Alcohol acts as a CS, while emetic drugs (US) induce vomiting (UR), reinforcing negative associations.
Evaluative Conditioning Process
- The assessment of neutral stimuli can shift significantly when presented alongside liked or disliked stimuli, influencing overall evaluations.
Human Contingency Judgements
- Studies focus on how people predict outcomes based on a range of possible results, demonstrating contingency learning.
Understanding 'Problem' Behaviours: Anxiety
- Anxiety manifests as less focused and more diffuse than fear, often assessed using conditioned suppression paradigms.
- The light (CS) predicts shock (US), creating a fear response, while random presentations separate the CS and US.
Schizophrenia and Attentional Problems
- Schizophrenia symptoms include delusions and disruptions in attention, often lacking normal phenomena like latent inhibition.
- Patients may become distracted by irrelevant stimuli, maintaining maladaptive attentional responses.
Health-Related Behaviours: Taste Aversions
- Chemotherapy often leads to enhanced taste aversions, with many patients developing aversions to foods associated with treatment experiences.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Explore the diverse applications of classical conditioning, including its role in understanding normal and problematic behaviors, health-related responses, and behavior modification techniques. This quiz highlights key concepts such as phobias, anxiety, taste aversions, and therapeutic methods like aversion therapy and systematic desensitization.
