Classical Civilizations Unit 3 Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What is a classical civilization?

  • A very highly organized civilization (correct)
  • A civilization without any contributions
  • A civilization that has no influence on today's society
  • A civilization that is only organized in a local area

What were the contributions of the Maurya Empire?

Bureaucracy and centralized government

Define bureaucracy.

A system that runs a government

What is a centralized government?

<p>All cities report to one location and all laws come from one location</p> Signup and view all the answers

List some contributions of the Han Dynasty.

<p>Paper, wheelbarrow, rudder, acupuncture, Great Wall of China, silk, civil service system</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Great Wall of China?

<p>Built by the Han Dynasty to keep out invading armies from the north</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the Silk Road?

<p>Created for the trade product of silk and connected China with the Middle East</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a civil service system?

<p>A person must pass a civil service test to get a government job, based on the teachings of Confucius</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Dynasty System?

<p>A line of ruling families in China, each claiming the Mandate of Heaven</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the Mandate of Heaven.

<p>The belief that families are given the right to rule by the gods</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are city-states?

<p>Greece is made up of mountainous islands, so no centralized government; a city-state consists of a city and the immediate surrounding land</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were Greece's two main city-states?

<p>Athens and Sparta</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of government did Athens have?

<p>Direct democracy</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the society of Athens.

<p>Educated, intellectual, good relations with other city-states, cultural center</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of government did Sparta have?

<p>Monarchy with two kings</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe Sparta's society.

<p>War-like, community of warriors, poor relations with other city-states</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Alexander the Great?

<p>From Greece; took over the then known world of Egypt, Persia, and India</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Hellenistic Culture?

<p>A blend of Greek, Egyptian, Persian, and Indian culture created by Alexander the Great</p> Signup and view all the answers

List some contributions of Greece.

<p>Architecture, philosophy, democracy</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Greek architecture known for?

<p>Columns for support, straight lines and basic shapes</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define philosophy.

<p>Science of thinking about difficult and important issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who were Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle?

<p>The greatest philosophers of Greece</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is democracy?

<p>A type of government where citizens help decide important issues; created in Athens, Greece</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe Rome's geographical location.

<p>Surrounds the Mediterranean Sea, united Europe with the Middle East</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Caesar' refer to?

<p>Name for rulers in Rome</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a republic?

<p>A government where citizens elect representatives to decide on important issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the development path of the Roman Empire?

<p>Started as a monarchy, then a republic, and then an empire</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Pax Romana?

<p>Roman Peace; began by Augustus Caesar; 200 years of peace and prosperity</p> Signup and view all the answers

List some contributions of the Roman Empire.

<p>Literature, engineering, architecture, aqueducts, roads, laws, Latin language</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did Roman architecture differ from Greek architecture?

<p>Copied the Greeks and added round shapes (arch and dome)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are aqueducts?

<p>Structures that carry fresh water from the mountains to the cities</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are Roman Laws?

<p>Twelve Tables, applied to all people within the empire</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the language of the Roman Empire?

<p>Latin</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do classical empires fall apart?

<p>People become corrupt and lazy, empire becomes too big to manage, foreign invasions, taxes get too high</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are contemporary democratic governments rooted in classical civilizations?

<p>Maurya- centralized government and bureaucracy; Han- civil service system; Greece- democracy; Rome- laws and republic</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Classical Civilization

Highly organized societies that laid the foundation for modern civilizations.

Maurya Empire's Contribution

Established a bureaucracy and a centralized government for effective governance.

Bureaucracy

A system designed to administer and run government operations.

Centralized Government

Jurisdiction concentrated in one location, directing laws and policies from that center.

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Han Dynasty Innovations

Significant inventions like paper, the Great Wall of China, silk production, and the civil service system.

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Great Wall of China

Built by the Han Dynasty to defend against northern invasions.

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Silk Road

Trade route established for silk commerce, connecting China to the Middle East.

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Civil Service System

Required candidates to pass examinations based on Confucian teachings to secure government positions.

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Dynasty System

Series of ruling families in China, each claiming the Mandate of Heaven to justify their rule.

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Mandate of Heaven

A divine right belief where ruling families are believed to be granted authority by the gods.

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City-States in Greece

Greece was divided into city-states because of its mountainous geography. Each city-state had an urban center and surrounding territory.

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Athens vs. Sparta

Athens focused on education and culture, while Sparta emphasized military and governance.

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Athens' Government

Practiced direct democracy, allowing male citizens to vote on issues directly.

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Athenian Society

Emphasized education, cultural growth, and fostering good relationships with other city-states.

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Sparta's Government

Operated under a monarchy with two kings governing together.

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Spartan Society

Militaristic and warrior-focused leading to poor trade relations and a challenging lifestyle.

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Alexander the Great's Conquests

Conquered vast territories including Egypt, Persia, and India, influencing world history.

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Hellenistic Culture

A cultural blend resulting from Alexander's conquests, merging Greek, Egyptian, Persian, and Indian influences.

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Greece's Contributions

Notable advancements in architecture, philosophy, and establishment of democratic ideals.

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Greek Architecture

Characterized as 'classical', featuring columns, straight lines, and geometric shapes.

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Philosophy

Exploration of fundamental and significant ideas about existence and morality.

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Great Greek Philosophers

Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle shaped Western philosophical thought.

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Democracy in Greece

A system where citizens actively participated in decision-making, originated in Athens.

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Rome's Geographical Location

Positioned around the Mediterranean Sea, facilitating connections between Europe and the Middle East.

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Meaning of 'Caesar'

Title used for rulers in Rome, indicating imperial authority.

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Roman Republic

Government form where citizens elected representatives to make policy decisions.

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Roman Empire's Development

Transitioned from a monarchy to a republic, and ultimately became an empire dominated by Caesars.

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Pax Romana

Era of peace brought by Augustus Caesar, lasting for approximately 200 years, marking a 'Golden Age'.

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Contributions of the Roman Empire

Influential in literature, engineering, architecture (including aqueducts), lawmaking, and the Latin language.

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Roman Architecture

Heavily influenced by Greek style, with the addition of arches and domes.

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Aqueducts in Rome

Ingenious structures designed to transport fresh water from distant sources to urban areas.

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Foundations of Roman Laws

The Twelve Tables established foundational legal principles, later influencing modern legal systems.

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Importance of Latin

Used across the Roman Empire, facilitating communication and cultural exchange.

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Fall of Classical Empires

Corruption, inability to manage large territories, foreign invasions, and excessive taxation contributed to their decline.

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Contemporary Democracies

Influenced by classical civilizations: Maurya's centralized governance, Han's civil service, Greece's democracy, and Rome's legal system and republic framework.

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Study Notes

Classical Civilization

  • Highly organized societies forming the foundation of modern civilizations.

Contributions of the Maurya Empire

  • Established a bureaucracy and a centralized government for effective governance.

Bureaucracy

  • A system designed to administer and run government operations.

Centralized Government

  • Jurisdiction concentrated in one location, directing laws and policies from that center.

Contributions of the Han Dynasty

  • Innovations included paper, wheelbarrows, rudders, acupuncture, the Great Wall of China, silk production, and a civil service system.

Great Wall of China

  • Constructed by the Han Dynasty primarily to defend against northern invasions.

Silk Road

  • Trade route established for silk commerce, connecting China to the Middle East.

Civil Service System

  • Required candidates to pass examinations based on Confucian teachings to secure government positions.

Dynasty System

  • Series of ruling families in China, each claiming the Mandate of Heaven to justify their rule.

Mandate of Heaven

  • A divine right belief where ruling families are believed to be granted authority by the gods.

City-States

  • Greece was divided into city-states due to its mountainous geography; each city-state consisted of an urban center and surrounding territory.

Greece's Two Main City-States

  • Athens, known for its focus on education and culture.
  • Sparta, recognized for its militaristic society and governance.

Athens Government Type

  • Practiced direct democracy, allowing male citizens to vote on issues directly.

Athens Society

  • Emphasized education, cultural growth, and fostering good relationships with other city-states.

Sparta's Type of Government

  • Operated under a monarchy with two kings governing together.

Sparta's Society

  • Militaristic and warrior-focused, leading to poor trade relations and a challenging lifestyle.

Alexander the Great

  • Conquered vast territories including Egypt, Persia, and India, significantly influencing world history.

Hellenistic Culture

  • A cultural blend resulting from Alexander’s conquests, merging Greek, Egyptian, Persian, and Indian influences.

Contributions of Greece

  • Notable advancements in architecture, philosophy, and the establishment of democratic ideals.

Greek Architecture

  • Characterized as "classical," featuring columns, straight lines, and geometric shapes.

Philosophy

  • Exploration of fundamental and significant ideas about existence and morality.

Great Greek Philosophers

  • Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle shaped Western philosophical thought.

Democracy in Greece

  • A system where citizens actively participated in decision-making, originated in Athens.

Rome's Geographical Significance

  • Positioned around the Mediterranean Sea, facilitating connections between Europe and the Middle East.

The Term "Caesar"

  • Title used for rulers in Rome, indicating imperial authority.

Roman Republic

  • Government form where citizens elected representatives to make policy decisions.

Development of the Roman Empire

  • Transitioned from a monarchy to a republic and ultimately became an empire dominated by Caesars.

Pax Romana

  • Era of peace brought about by Augustus Caesar, lasting for approximately 200 years, marking a "Golden Age."

Contributions of the Roman Empire

  • Influential in literature, engineering, architecture (including aqueducts), lawmaking, and the Latin language.

Roman Architecture

  • Heavily influenced by Greek style, with the addition of arches and domes.

Aqueducts in Rome

  • Ingenious structures designed to transport fresh water from distant sources to urban areas.

Roman Laws

  • The Twelve Tables established foundational legal principles, later influencing modern legal systems.

Latin Language

  • Used across the Roman Empire, facilitating communication and cultural exchange.

Factors Leading to the Fall of Classical Empires

  • Corruption, inability to manage large territories, foreign invasions, and excessive taxation contributed to decline.

Contemporary Democratic Governments

  • Influenced by classical civilizations: Maurya's centralized governance, Han's civil service, Greece's democracy, and Rome's legal system and republic framework.

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Explore key concepts and contributions of classical civilizations through this set of flashcards. Learn about the Maurya Empire and the significance of bureaucracy in government systems. Perfect for students studying ancient history and its impact on modern societies.

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