Classical Breeding vs Genetic Engineering

Transfer of the recombinant plasmid into a host cell can be done via multiple ways - _______ Shock

On heating suddenly to 42°C for 2-5 minutes the host bacterial membranes become permeable to plasmid chimeras, which pass into the cell - _______ Shock

Gene Gun (Biolistics): is used to fire DNA-coated pellets on tissues. Gold particles coated with foreign DNA segments are fired into the host cell (usually plant tissues) - _______

Sonoporation mainly uses _______ waves at megahertz frequencies.

Ultrasound was first used to transfect mammalian cells in vitro in 1996 and was widely used for gene delivery in the 2000s - _______

The host cells are subjected to a high voltage pulse which temporarily disrupts the membrane and allows the vector to enter the cell - _______

Selection of transformed cells with the desired gene - Certain inserted genes in plasmids provide visible proof of their presence. Antibiotic resistance genes can be determined which bacterium expressed the trait successfully by putting antibiotics in the petri dish. Those without Antibiotic Resistance will die leaving behind the ones that contain the recombinant DNA - _______ Resistance

Some inserted genes can also use fluorescent products to label the colonies/cells with the inserted gene - _______ products

Sequencing of the gene to find out the primary structure of the protein is an essential step in _______ engineering.

Selective breeding and genetic engineering techniques play a crucial role in improving _______ traits.