Class-maintaining and Class-changing Derivations
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Questions and Answers

Which prefix refers to hearing?

  • audi(o)- (correct)
  • cardi(o)-
  • astro-
  • physi(o)-

    • Which prefix means 'heart'?

  • cardi(o)- (correct)
  • hem(o)-
  • nephr(o)-
  • derm-

    • What does the prefix physio- refer to?

  • body (correct)
  • nerve
  • mind
  • heart

    • The prefix astro- is associated with which meaning?

    <p>star (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which prefix is used for terms related to 'blood'?

    <p>hemo- (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a class-maintaining prefix?

    <p>amoral (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is an example of a class-changing suffix?

    <p>-ness (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when a class-changing affix is added to a word?

    <p>The grammatical class of the word changes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a class-changing suffix?

    <p>amoral (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of affix is 'ex-president' an example of?

    <p>Class-maintaining prefix (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of suffixation in English?

    <p>To attach an affix to the end of a word (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of suffix changes the grammatical class of the base word?

    <p>Class-changing suffix (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which suffix is both class-changing and class-maintaining depending on context?

    <p>-ish (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process called when a part of the base word is dropped before adding a suffix?

    <p>Truncation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a class-maintaining suffix?

    <p>-ness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the base of the word reliable?

    <p>rely (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of suffix is '-able' in the word reliable?

    <p>derivational suffix (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the suffix '-ly' in the word helplessly?

    <p>forming an adverb (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the base plus suffix combination in the word 'helpless'?

    <p>help + less (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of suffix is '-less' in the word helpless?

    <p>denominal suffix (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In linguistics, what does the term morpholoy refer to?

    <p>The study of the forms of words. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of postmodification in the phrase 'the artist who created it'?

    <p>who created it (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of modification replaces the medial vowel in the root with a different vowel?

    <p>Modification (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following pairs is an example of final consonant modification?

    <p>bend - bent (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of affixation involves inserting an element in the middle of a word?

    <p>Infixation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the modified word 'laughed' derived from its root word?

    <p>Suffixation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The word 'went' as the past tense form of 'go' is an example of which phenomenon?

    <p>Suppletion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pair illustrates a medial vowel modification?

    <p>fight - fought (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which prefix refers to heat?

    <p>thermo (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which prefix indicates doing the opposite of an action?

    <p>dis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which prefix refers to something false?

    <p>pseudo (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which prefix would be used for terms related to animals?

    <p>zoo (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which prefix suggests being excessively something?

    <p>ultra (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the base of the word 'reliably'?

    <p>rely (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of suffix is '-able' in 'reliable'?

    <p>derivational suffix (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the suffix '-ly' in 'helplessly'?

    <p>de-adjectival (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which word can 'helpless' be further divided into?

    <p>help-less (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the base of the word 'helpless'?

    <p>help (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the base of the word 'ownership'?

    <p>Owner (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which suffix in the word 'economical' is a class-changing suffix?

    <p>-al (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the root of the word 'economically'?

    <p>Economy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which of the following words is the suffix '-en' class-maintaining?

    <p>Blacken (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following prefixes is class-changing?

    <p>Fore- (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What remains after removing all derivational affixes from a word?

    <p>Root (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which word has 'nationalist' as its base?

    <p>Nationalists (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of affix is '-ish' in 'devilish'?

    <p>Class-maintaining (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a morpheme?

    <p>An abstract unit of grammatical analysis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are allomorphs?

    <p>Alternative realizations of a morpheme (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many morphemes does the word 'examiner's' consist of?

    <p>Two (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true about inflectional and derivational morphology?

    <p>Derivational morphology deals with affixes that create new words (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following words consists of two morphemes?

    <p>Broker (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Is a root the same thing as a base?

    <p>No, a root is not the same as a base. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Is a base the same thing as a stem?

    <p>Yes, they are interchangeable. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many morphs does the word 'absentees' consist of?

    <p>Three (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between a root and a base?

    <p>A base may include derivational affixes, while a root does not. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which word consists of two morphs?

    <p>Muleteer (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the word 'inflexional' refer to in morphology?

    <p>Affixes that indicate grammatical relationships (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following can be described as the core component that holds the basic meaning?

    <p>Root (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Can the terms base and stem be used interchangeably?

    <p>Yes, they refer to the same concept. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Prefixes in English

    • Prefixes are used to change the meaning of a base to which they are added
    • Examples of prefixes related to parts of the human body or their functions:
      • audi(o)-: related to hearing
      • cardi(o)-: related to the heart

    Morphology

    • Morphology refers to how the meaning of a word is qualified by preceding or following words
    • Modification refers to the process of change in the root or stem of a word
    • There are four types of modification in English:
      1. Replacement of the medial vowel in the root with a different vowel (e.g. eat -> ate)
      2. Replacement of the final consonant in the root with another consonant (e.g. bend -> bent)
      3. Replacement of the consonant with another consonant (e.g. catch -> cach)
      4. Replacement of the consonant with a completely different kind of sound (e.g. sleep -> slept)

    Suppletion

    • Suppletion is a process where the past tense formation of a verb is irregular and cannot be explained by a generalized rule
    • Examples: go -> went, be -> was

    Suffixation in English

    • Suffixation is a process of word formation where an affix is attached to the end of a word to form a new word
    • Suffixes can be classified into two types: class-changing and class-maintaining
    • Class-changing suffixes change the grammatical class of the word to which they are attached (e.g. noun to adjective)
    • Class-maintaining suffixes retain the grammatical class of the word to which they are attached (e.g. noun to noun)

    Class-maintaining and Class-changing Derivations

    • Class-maintaining derivational affixes preserve the grammatical class (part of speech)
    • Class-changing derivational affixes change a word to a different grammatical class
    • Examples of class-maintaining and class-changing suffixes:
      • -ing (class-changing: verb to noun)
      • -ed (class-changing: verb to adjective)
      • -er (class-changing: verb to noun)
      • -ness (class-changing: adjective to noun)
      • -al (class-changing: noun to adjective)

    Morphology Simplified

    • A base is the part of a word to which an affix has been added
    • A root is the part of a word that remains after all derivational affixes have been removed
    • A stem is the part of a word that remains after all derivational affixes have been removed
    • Examples of class-maintaining and class-changing suffixes:
      • -ish (class-changing: noun to adjective)
      • -al (class-changing: noun to adjective)
      • -en (class-changing: verb to noun)
      • -er (class-changing: verb to noun)

    Prefixes

    • Examples of prefixes:
      • geo-: earth
      • hydro-: water
      • photo-: light
      • pneuma-: air
      • thermo-: heat
      • zoo-: animal
    • Examples of evaluative prefixes:
      • mal-: badly
      • mis-: wrongly
      • pseudo-: false
      • super-: of a good variety
      • ultra-: excessively
    • Examples of reversative prefixes:
      • de-: do the opposite of
      • dis-: do the opposite of
      • un-: do the opposite of
    • Examples of locative prefixes:
      • intra-: inside
      • inter-: between
      • pan-: all over
      • super-: above

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    Description

    This quiz covers the differences between class-maintaining and class-changing derivational affixes, including their usage and examples.

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