Questions and Answers
What is the classification of drugs that bind with phosphorus in foods?
What condition does SPTH stand for?
Secondary Parathyroidism
What is the mechanism of action of calcimimetics?
Parsabiv (Etelcalcetide) targets the ______ receptor.
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What is one contraindication for using Cinacalcet (Sensipar)?
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What is the side effect of Calcitriol (Rolcatrol)?
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What is the classification of Drisdol?
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What is a common side effect of Hectorol (Doxercalciferol)?
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Cholecalciferol (Vitamin D3) is contraindicated in patients allergic to Vitamin D.
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Match the following medications with their classification:
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What is the main use of Epogen (Erythropoietin)?
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What do ARBs stand for?
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What does the acronym MOA stand for?
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Study Notes
Phosphate Binders
- Drugs that bind with phosphorous in foods, preventing its absorption and promoting excretion through stool.
- Examples include Calcium Acetate (PhosLo), Ferric Citrate (Auryxia), and Sevelamer (Renvela/Renagel).
Secondary Parathyroidism (SPTH)
- A condition resulting from another ailment that lowers blood calcium levels, adversely affecting parathyroid gland function.
Calcimimetics
- Medications that increase sensitivity of calcium receptors in the parathyroid glands, helping to decrease Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) levels.
- Notable examples include Etelcalcetide (Parsabiv) and Cinacalcet (Sensipar).
Etelcalcetide (Parsabiv)
- Targets calcium-sensing receptors, lowering the activation threshold, and thus reducing PTH levels.
- Contraindicated in cases of hypersensitivity to the drug.
- Common side effects include diarrhea and muscle spasms.
Cinacalcet (Sensipar)
- Increases sensitivity of calcium receptors, leading to decreased PTH and serum calcium levels.
- Contraindications include hypocalcemia and chronic heart failure.
- Side effects may involve abdominal pain and confusion.
Calcitriol (Rolcatrol)
- A potent vitamin D analog that promotes intestinal calcium absorption and binds to vitamin D receptors to increase serum calcium.
- Not suitable for patients with certain calcium dysregulation conditions.
- Potential side effects include fatigue and headaches.
Ergocalciferol (Drisdol)
- A vitamin D analog that aids in calcium and phosphorous accretion in bones and intestines.
- Contraindications include hypercalcemia and malabsorption syndrome.
- Side effects can include mood changes and irritability.
Doxercalciferol (Hectorol)
- Decreases PTH levels while enhancing calcium and phosphorus levels in the body.
- Not recommended for individuals with vitamin D toxicity or hypercalcemia.
- Side effects may consist of nausea and headaches.
Vitamin D3 (Cholecalciferol)
- Binds to vitamin D receptors, enhancing gene expression that increases calcium absorption.
- Contraindicated for those allergic to vitamin D or with elevated vitamin D levels.
- Common side effects include cough and dysphagia.
Calcium Acetate (PhosLo)
- Binds phosphate in the gastrointestinal tract, preventing its absorption when taken with meals.
- Contraindications include high calcium levels in urine or blood.
- Side effects can lead to stomach upset.
Ferric Citrate (Auryxia)
- Phosphate binder that also treats iron-deficiency anemia.
- Contraindicated in patients with stomach ulcers or iron overload.
- Side effects might include diarrhea and nausea.
Velphoro (Sucroferric Oxyhydroxide)
- Used for managing hyperphosphatemia and is a phosphate binder with no significant contraindications.
- Common side effects include gastrointestinal disturbances.
Sevelamer (Renvela and Renagel)
- Controls phosphorus levels in CKD patients on dialysis.
- Contraindicated in individuals with bowel obstruction or sevelamer allergy.
- Side effects may include headaches and diarrhea.
Lanthanum Carbonate (Fosrenol)
- A chewable phosphate binder that prevents dietary phosphate absorption.
- Contraindications include low phosphate levels and bowel blockages.
- Possible side effects include nausea and vomiting.
Erythropoietin (Epogen)
- An erythropoiesis-stimulating agent that helps treat anemia by boosting red blood cell production.
- Not advised for patients with cancer or high blood pressure.
- Side effects can include joint pain and nausea.
Multivitamins (Renavite and Nephrovite)
- Renavite is used to prevent vitamin B deficiencies; Nephrovite increases specific vitamin levels.
- Contraindications include allergies to specific vitamins.
- Side effects can include gastrointestinal distress.
ACE Inhibitors (Captopril)
- Lower blood pressure by inhibiting angiotensin-converting enzyme.
- Contraindications involve previous angioedema related to ACE inhibitors.
- Common side effects include dizziness and dry cough.
Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs)
- Medications that block the actions of angiotensin II, impacting blood pressure regulation.
- Examples include Azilsartan (Edarbi).
- Contraindications include low sodium levels and renal artery stenosis.
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Description
Test your knowledge of medications used in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) with these flashcards. Each card presents important terms and definitions related to CKD treatments, including phosphate binders and calcimimetics. Enhance your understanding of these essential drug classifications.
