Civil Rights and Government Structure Quiz

Departments = Major subdivisions of the federal government Independent agencies = Government organizations with a narrower policy focus Independent regulatory boards and commissions = Regulate various businesses or industries Government corporations = Provide public goods or services not profitable for private enterprise

Administrator = Implements laws passed by Congress Rule maker = Fills in details about vague policies Judge = Interprets laws within a department or agency Policy analyst = Evaluates the effectiveness of regulations

Civil-law = Code-based legal system Common-law = Case-based legal system Adversarial system = Two opposing parties present their case Inquisitorial system = Judge actively investigates the case

<p>Supreme Court = Highest court in the federal system Circuit Courts = Hear appeals from district courts District Courts = First level of federal court system State Courts = Handle cases under state law</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Litigious system = High frequency of legal disputes Jurisdiction = Authority of a court to hear a case Case selection = Process by which Supreme Court chooses cases Legal precedent = Previous court decision used as a reference</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Roe v. Wade = Abortion rights Brown v. Board of Education = School desegregation Obergefell v. Hodges = Same-sex marriage Korematsu v. United States = Japanese internment</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>De jure discrimination = Legal discrimination enforced by law De facto discrimination = Discrimination occurring in practice, not legally sanctioned Racism = Prejudice based on race Othering = Marginalizing groups by distinguishing them as different</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Native Americans = Forced relocation and cultural erasure Hispanic Americans = Segregation and labor exploitation Asian Americans = Exclusion laws and internment during WWII Women = Suffrage movement and workplace discrimination</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Policy representation = Advocating for specific policies and legislation Allocative representation = Distribution of resources to constituents Casework = Assistance to constituents with specific problems Symbolic representation = Representing constituents through ideals and values</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Standing committees = Permanent committees that review legislation Select committees = Temporary committees created for specific purposes Joint committees = Committees with members from both chambers Conference committees = Committees that reconcile different versions of a bill</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inherent powers = Powers not explicitly stated but necessary for the presidency Executive orders = Directives issued by the president to manage the operations of the federal government Signing statements = Comments issued by the president when signing a bill into law Cloture = Procedure to end a filibuster in the Senate</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hierarchy = Clear chain of command and responsibility Specialization = Tasks divided by expertise Civil service = Nonmilitary employees appointed through the merit system Merit = Hiring based on exams and experience</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pendleton Act = Reform that required hiring based on merit, not patronage Hatch Act = Law limiting political involvement of civil servants Civil service = Body of nonmilitary government employees Neutral competence = Bureaucracy should be depoliticized and professional</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Essential government functions = Departments of State, Defense, and Treasury Changing needs and problems = Departments created to address new societal issues Clientele groups = Agencies serving specific groups of citizens with shared interests Professionalism = Maintaining a skilled and impartial bureaucracy</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chief of Staff = The president's primary adviser on organizational matters Vice President = Second-in-command and often takes on special assignments First Spouse = The partner of the president who often engages in public service Cabinet = Group of advisors consisting of heads of executive departments</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Explicit rules = Decisions governed by standardized rules rather than preferences Advancement by merit = Promotion based on performance and qualifications Worker specialization = Division of tasks according to individual expertise Clear hierarchy = Establishes authority and accountability in management</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>New Deal Era = Focusing on expansion of government role in economy Civil Rights Era = Centric on legislative advancements for equality Progressive Era = Emphasis on reform and addressing social issues Cold War Era = Defined by foreign policy and defense strategies</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Filibuster = Tactic used to delay or block legislative action in the Senate Cloture = Method for ending a filibuster Checks and balances = Preventing any one branch of government from becoming too powerful Separation of powers = Distribution of authority among different branches of government</p> Signup and view all the answers