Civil Engineering: Concrete Mixture and Proportioning

Concrete Proportioning

• There are two methods for proportioning concrete: by weight or by volume.
• The volume method is the most common and convenient, using an empty plastic bag of cement, or a measuring box for sand and gravel.

Concrete Pavement Problem

• To find the number of bags of cement, sand, and gravel required, follow these steps:
  • Solve for the volume of concrete pavement.
  • Convert inches to meters (e.g., 6 inches = 0.15 meters).
  • Refer to the table and multiply the volume by the corresponding values for cement, sand, and gravel.

Cement Bag Conversion

• If 40kg cement is not available, use a 50kg cement bag and adjust the quantity accordingly.

Estimating Materials for Masonry Work

• There are two methods for estimating materials: by fundamental methods and by the area method.

Concrete Hollow Blocks (CHB) Wall Problem

• To determine the number of CHB, cement, and sand required, follow these steps:
  • By fundamental method:
    • Divide the height of the wall by the length of one hollow block.
    • Divide the length of the wall by the length of one block.
    • Multiply the results of steps 1 and 2 to get the total number of CHB.
  • By area method:
    • One square meter area requires 12.5 pieces of CHB.
    • Multiply the entire area of the wall by 12.5 to get the total number of CHB required.

Example Dimensions

• A concrete hollow block wall has a general dimension of 3.00 meters high by 4.00 meters long.
• The area of the wall is 12 square meters.

Concrete Proportioning

• There are two methods for proportioning concrete: by weight or by volume.
• The volume method is the most common and convenient, using an empty plastic bag of cement, or a measuring box for sand and gravel.

Concrete Pavement Problem

• To find the number of bags of cement, sand, and gravel required, follow these steps:
  • Solve for the volume of concrete pavement.
  • Convert inches to meters (e.g., 6 inches = 0.15 meters).
  • Refer to the table and multiply the volume by the corresponding values for cement, sand, and gravel.

Cement Bag Conversion

• If 40kg cement is not available, use a 50kg cement bag and adjust the quantity accordingly.

Estimating Materials for Masonry Work

• There are two methods for estimating materials: by fundamental methods and by the area method.

Concrete Hollow Blocks (CHB) Wall Problem

• To determine the number of CHB, cement, and sand required, follow these steps:
  • By fundamental method:
    • Divide the height of the wall by the length of one hollow block.
    • Divide the length of the wall by the length of one block.
    • Multiply the results of steps 1 and 2 to get the total number of CHB.
  • By area method:
    • One square meter area requires 12.5 pieces of CHB.
    • Multiply the entire area of the wall by 12.5 to get the total number of CHB required.

Example Dimensions

• A concrete hollow block wall has a general dimension of 3.00 meters high by 4.00 meters long.
• The area of the wall is 12 square meters.