Citric Acid Cycle Overview

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<p>Oxidation of succinate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oxaloacetate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The first step in the Citric Acid Cycle where Acetyl CoA (2 carbons) combines with Oxaloacetate (4 carbons) to form Citrate (6 carbons).

Citrate is converted into Isocitrate, a six-carbon molecule that will be further oxidized.

Isocitrate is oxidized, releasing a molecule of CO2 and leaving behind a five-carbon molecule called alpha-ketoglutarate.

Alpha-ketoglutarate is oxidized, producing another NADH and CO2. This results in a four-carbon molecule called Succinyl CoA.

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Succinyl CoA is converted to Succinate by replacing the CoA group with a phosphate. This phosphate is then transferred to ADP, generating ATP.

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Acetyl CoA combines with oxaloacetate to form citrate (a 6-carbon molecule).
Citrate loses two carbons as CO2 in subsequent reactions.
Citrate is converted to isocitrate.
Isocitrate is oxidized, releasing CO2 and producing alpha-ketoglutarate (a 5-carbon molecule).
Alpha-ketoglutarate is oxidized, yielding another NADH and CO2. This reaction results in a 4-carbon molecule, succinyl CoA.
Succinyl CoA loses its CoA group. The released energy is used to produce ATP.
Succinate is oxidized to fumarate.
During this oxidation, two electrons and protons are transferred to FAD, producing FADH2.
Water is added to fumarate to form malate.
Finally, malate is oxidized to regenerate oxaloacetate. NAD+ is reduced to NADH during this step.