Citric Acid Cycle Overview

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What is the role of PFK1 in glycolysis?

Controlling the irreversible step of glycolysis (correct)

Acting as a promoter for glycolysis

Inhibiting glucose entry into glycolysis

Producing citrate in the citric acid cycle

Which molecules inhibit PFK1 in glycolysis?

ATP and AMP

AMP and citrate

Insulin and glucagon

Citrate and ATP (correct)

How does AMP affect PFK1 activity in glycolysis?

Activates PFK1 (correct)

Inhibits PFK1

Converts PFK1 to ATP

Enhances citrate production

What is the function of insulin in blood sugar regulation?

Stimulate glucose uptake by cells Signup and view all the answers

How do hexokinase enzymes contribute to glycolysis?

Control hexose phosphorylation Signup and view all the answers

Which molecules signal PFK1 to slow down glycolysis when cellular energy is abundant?

ATP and citrate Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the citric acid cycle?

To further oxidize organic fuel Signup and view all the answers

What molecules carry high-energy electrons to the electron transport chain during cellular respiration?

NADH and FADH₂ Signup and view all the answers

Which scientist is honored by the alternative name 'Krebs cycle' for the citric acid cycle?

Hans Krebs Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of the electron transport chain in cellular respiration?

Create a proton gradient across the membrane Signup and view all the answers

How is acetyl CoA formed during cellular respiration?

By binding with two-carbon fragments and CoA Signup and view all the answers

Which process in cellular respiration results in the production of NADH?

Glycolysis Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of insulin in the body?

Signal cells to absorb glucose from the bloodstream Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is responsible for converting stored glycogen back into glucose?

Glucagon Signup and view all the answers

In Diabetes Mellitus, what happens when insulin isn't functioning properly?

Glucose struggles to enter cells Signup and view all the answers

What type of diabetes involves the body's immune system attacking insulin-producing cells?

Type 1 diabetes Signup and view all the answers

How does glucagon help ensure a steady supply of energy to other cells in the body?

Converting stored glycogen into glucose Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consequence of abnormal carbohydrate metabolism in Diabetes Mellitus?

Elevated blood glucose levels Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of type 2 diabetes according to the text?

Blurred vision Signup and view all the answers

Why might unintended weight loss occur in individuals with diabetes?

Cells cannot effectively utilize glucose Signup and view all the answers

How do high blood sugar levels affect blood vessels and organs?

Cause osmotic imbalances Signup and view all the answers

What is a key management strategy for diabetes according to the text?

Regular exercise Signup and view all the answers

What are the long-term consequences of chronic high blood sugar levels?

Kidney damage and neuropathy Signup and view all the answers

Why does elevated blood sugar levels in diabetes lead to cellular hunger?

Ineffective glucose transport into cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for the development of Type 1 diabetes?

Genetic and environmental factors Signup and view all the answers

Which age group is Type 1 diabetes most likely to affect?

Children and adolescents Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes Type 1 diabetes from Type 2 diabetes in terms of insulin production?

No insulin production due to destroyed beta cells Signup and view all the answers