30 Questions
What is the role of PFK1 in glycolysis?
Controlling the irreversible step of glycolysis
Which molecules inhibit PFK1 in glycolysis?
Citrate and ATP
How does AMP affect PFK1 activity in glycolysis?
Activates PFK1
What is the function of insulin in blood sugar regulation?
Stimulate glucose uptake by cells
How do hexokinase enzymes contribute to glycolysis?
Control hexose phosphorylation
Which molecules signal PFK1 to slow down glycolysis when cellular energy is abundant?
ATP and citrate
What is the primary function of the citric acid cycle?
To further oxidize organic fuel
What molecules carry high-energy electrons to the electron transport chain during cellular respiration?
NADH and FADH₂
Which scientist is honored by the alternative name 'Krebs cycle' for the citric acid cycle?
Hans Krebs
What is the main role of the electron transport chain in cellular respiration?
Create a proton gradient across the membrane
How is acetyl CoA formed during cellular respiration?
By binding with two-carbon fragments and CoA
Which process in cellular respiration results in the production of NADH?
Glycolysis
What is the role of insulin in the body?
Signal cells to absorb glucose from the bloodstream
Which hormone is responsible for converting stored glycogen back into glucose?
Glucagon
In Diabetes Mellitus, what happens when insulin isn't functioning properly?
Glucose struggles to enter cells
What type of diabetes involves the body's immune system attacking insulin-producing cells?
Type 1 diabetes
How does glucagon help ensure a steady supply of energy to other cells in the body?
Converting stored glycogen into glucose
What is the primary consequence of abnormal carbohydrate metabolism in Diabetes Mellitus?
Elevated blood glucose levels
What is a common symptom of type 2 diabetes according to the text?
Blurred vision
Why might unintended weight loss occur in individuals with diabetes?
Cells cannot effectively utilize glucose
How do high blood sugar levels affect blood vessels and organs?
Cause osmotic imbalances
What is a key management strategy for diabetes according to the text?
Regular exercise
What are the long-term consequences of chronic high blood sugar levels?
Kidney damage and neuropathy
Why does elevated blood sugar levels in diabetes lead to cellular hunger?
Ineffective glucose transport into cells
What is the main reason for the development of Type 1 diabetes?
Genetic and environmental factors
Which age group is Type 1 diabetes most likely to affect?
Children and adolescents
What distinguishes Type 1 diabetes from Type 2 diabetes in terms of insulin production?
No insulin production due to destroyed beta cells
What is the primary cause of Type 2 diabetes?
Insulin resistance
What do later stages of Type 2 diabetes involve regarding insulin production?
Insulin production may decrease
How does Type 2 diabetes differ from Type 1 diabetes in terms of prevalence?
>90% of diabetics have Type 2 diabetes
This quiz covers an overview of the Citric Acid Cycle, also known as the Krebs Cycle, highlighting the key steps and functions involved. Topics include the formation of acetyl CoA, production of NADH, and ATP generation through substrate-level phosphorylation.
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