Citric Acid Cycle Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is the role of PFK1 in glycolysis?

  • Controlling the irreversible step of glycolysis (correct)
  • Acting as a promoter for glycolysis
  • Inhibiting glucose entry into glycolysis
  • Producing citrate in the citric acid cycle

Which molecules inhibit PFK1 in glycolysis?

  • ATP and AMP
  • AMP and citrate
  • Insulin and glucagon
  • Citrate and ATP (correct)

How does AMP affect PFK1 activity in glycolysis?

  • Activates PFK1 (correct)
  • Inhibits PFK1
  • Converts PFK1 to ATP
  • Enhances citrate production

What is the function of insulin in blood sugar regulation?

<p>Stimulate glucose uptake by cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do hexokinase enzymes contribute to glycolysis?

<p>Control hexose phosphorylation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which molecules signal PFK1 to slow down glycolysis when cellular energy is abundant?

<p>ATP and citrate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the citric acid cycle?

<p>To further oxidize organic fuel (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What molecules carry high-energy electrons to the electron transport chain during cellular respiration?

<p>NADH and FADHâ‚‚ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which scientist is honored by the alternative name 'Krebs cycle' for the citric acid cycle?

<p>Hans Krebs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of the electron transport chain in cellular respiration?

<p>Create a proton gradient across the membrane (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is acetyl CoA formed during cellular respiration?

<p>By binding with two-carbon fragments and CoA (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process in cellular respiration results in the production of NADH?

<p>Glycolysis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of insulin in the body?

<p>Signal cells to absorb glucose from the bloodstream (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is responsible for converting stored glycogen back into glucose?

<p>Glucagon (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Diabetes Mellitus, what happens when insulin isn't functioning properly?

<p>Glucose struggles to enter cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of diabetes involves the body's immune system attacking insulin-producing cells?

<p>Type 1 diabetes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does glucagon help ensure a steady supply of energy to other cells in the body?

<p>Converting stored glycogen into glucose (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consequence of abnormal carbohydrate metabolism in Diabetes Mellitus?

<p>Elevated blood glucose levels (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of type 2 diabetes according to the text?

<p>Blurred vision (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might unintended weight loss occur in individuals with diabetes?

<p>Cells cannot effectively utilize glucose (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do high blood sugar levels affect blood vessels and organs?

<p>Cause osmotic imbalances (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key management strategy for diabetes according to the text?

<p>Regular exercise (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the long-term consequences of chronic high blood sugar levels?

<p>Kidney damage and neuropathy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does elevated blood sugar levels in diabetes lead to cellular hunger?

<p>Ineffective glucose transport into cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for the development of Type 1 diabetes?

<p>Genetic and environmental factors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which age group is Type 1 diabetes most likely to affect?

<p>Children and adolescents (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes Type 1 diabetes from Type 2 diabetes in terms of insulin production?

<p>No insulin production due to destroyed beta cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of Type 2 diabetes?

<p>Insulin resistance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do later stages of Type 2 diabetes involve regarding insulin production?

<p>Insulin production may decrease (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Type 2 diabetes differ from Type 1 diabetes in terms of prevalence?

<p>&gt;90% of diabetics have Type 2 diabetes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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