Questions and Answers
What responsibility do reviewers have regarding peer review?
Preserving the confidentiality of the submission.
What are the two main criteria that the National Science Foundation (NSF) uses to evaluate grant proposals?
A reviewer's conflict of interest should be disclosed to the journal editor or grant agency.
True
Why did the Royal Society of London develop the modern form of peer review?
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What should authors do if they believe their manuscript was reviewed unfairly?
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Under single-blind review, the identity of the author is revealed to the reviewer.
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How do funding agencies assess the quality of grant proposals?
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Reviewers should identify both positive and negative aspects of a manuscript.
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Under single-blind review, the identity of the author is revealed to the reviewer.
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Why should grant proposal reviewers with a conflict of interest remove themselves from the review process?
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Study Notes
Peer Review Responsibilities
- Reviewers must maintain the confidentiality of manuscript submissions to uphold ethical standards.
- A conflict of interest for a reviewer must be disclosed to the journal editor or grant agency to ensure transparency.
National Science Foundation Grant Proposals
- Proposals are primarily evaluated based on two criteria: intellectual merit and broader impact.
- Review processes typically involve committees that include external reviewers to assess proposal quality.
Royal Society of London's Peer Review Development
- The modern peer review system was developed by the Royal Society to enhance the quality control of published research papers.
Responding to Unfair Reviews
- Authors who feel their manuscript was reviewed unfairly should communicate their concerns directly to the editor for possible resolution.
Traditional Peer Review Process
- In a single-blind review, the author’s identity remains concealed while the reviewer knows who the author is, impacting the review's dynamics.
- Reviewers in this context are expected to assess manuscripts critically, highlighting strengths, weaknesses, and areas for improvement.
Bias and Conflict of Interest
- Grant proposal reviewers facing conflicts of interest should recuse themselves from the review process, helping to minimize bias and ensure fair evaluations.
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Test your knowledge on the CITI Program and ethical peer review standards with these flashcards. Each card focuses on essential concepts like confidentiality and the NSF's evaluation criteria for grant proposals. Ideal for individuals involved in research and grant writing.
