30 Questions
Which term refers to a measurable characteristic or factor that can vary or change in a research study?
Variable
What is the variable that is manipulated or controlled by the researcher in an experiment?
Experimental group
What is the variable that is measured or observed and is expected to be influenced by the independent variable?
Control group
Which group in an experiment does not receive the experimental treatment and is used as a baseline for comparison?
Control group
Which group in an experiment receives the experimental treatment or intervention being studied?
Experimental group
What is the term for a subset of individuals or objects selected from a larger population for study?
Sample
What is the term for the entire group of individuals or objects that the researcher wants to generalize the findings to?
Population
Which one of these terms refers to the process of gathering information or data for research purposes?
Data collection
Which one of these terms refers to the use of statistical methods to analyze and interpret data in order to identify patterns, relationships, or significant findings?
Statistical analysis
Which one of these terms refers to the extent to which a research study measures what it intends to measure and produces accurate and reliable results?
Validity
Which one of these terms refers to the consistency and stability of the results obtained from a research study?
Reliability
Which one of these terms refers to the principles and guidelines that ensure the protection of participants' rights and well-being in a research study?
Ethical considerations
Which one of these terms refers to the process of evaluating and assessing the quality and validity of a research study by experts in the field before it is published?
Peer review
Which one of these terms refers to the act of referencing and acknowledging the sources used in a research study?
Citation
Which type of study follows a specific group of individuals over time to investigate the relationship between exposure to certain factors and the development of outcomes or conditions?
Cohort study
Which type of study compares individuals with a specific condition or outcome to individuals without the condition or outcome to identify potential risk factors or associations?
Case-control study
Which research design examines the relationship between two or more variables without manipulating them, aiming to determine the strength and direction of their association?
Correlational design
In an experimental design, which group of participants receives the experimental manipulation or intervention?
Experimental group
In an experimental design, which group of participants does not receive experimental manipulation and serves as a baseline for comparison?
Control group
What is the process of assigning participants to different groups or conditions in a research study randomly, minimizing bias and ensuring equal distribution of characteristics?
Randomization
What is the technique used in experimental designs to control for order effects by systematically varying the sequence of conditions or treatments across participants?
Counterbalancing
What is the process of selecting a subset of individuals or elements from a larger population to participate in a research study?
Sampling
What is the statistical procedure used to determine the required sample size for a study based on the desired level of statistical power to detect significant effects or relationships?
Power analysis
Which of the following is the definition of a primary source?
Original research studies or firsthand accounts of events or experiences
What is the purpose of peer review in the publication process?
To evaluate research articles for quality, accuracy, and validity before publication
What is the definition of publication bias?
The tendency for journals to selectively publish studies with positive or significant findings
What is the purpose of the abstract in a research paper?
To provide a brief summary of the main points of the research paper
What is a block quote in APA style?
A quotation of 40 or more words that is indented from the left margin, presented as a separate block of text without quotation marks
What is the purpose of a hanging indent in APA style?
To format reference entries in a way that the first line is flush left and subsequent lines are indented
What is the definition of plagiarism?
The unethical act of presenting someone else's work, ideas, or words as one's own without proper attribution
Study Notes
Research Study Basics
- A variable is a measurable characteristic or factor that can vary or change in a research study.
- An independent variable is the variable that is manipulated or controlled by the researcher in an experiment.
- A dependent variable is the variable that is measured or observed and is expected to be influenced by the independent variable.
Experimental Design
- The experimental group receives the experimental treatment or intervention being studied.
- The control group does not receive the experimental treatment and serves as a baseline for comparison.
- Randomization is the process of assigning participants to different groups or conditions in a research study randomly, minimizing bias and ensuring equal distribution of characteristics.
- Counterbalancing is the technique used in experimental designs to control for order effects by systematically varying the sequence of conditions or treatments across participants.
Data Collection and Analysis
- Data collection refers to the process of gathering information or data for research purposes.
- Data analysis refers to the use of statistical methods to analyze and interpret data in order to identify patterns, relationships, or significant findings.
Research Quality and Ethics
- Validity refers to the extent to which a research study measures what it intends to measure and produces accurate and reliable results.
- Reliability refers to the consistency and stability of the results obtained from a research study.
- Ethics in research refer to the principles and guidelines that ensure the protection of participants' rights and well-being in a research study.
Study Types and Designs
- A longitudinal study follows a specific group of individuals over time to investigate the relationship between exposure to certain factors and the development of outcomes or conditions.
- A case-control study compares individuals with a specific condition or outcome to individuals without the condition or outcome to identify potential risk factors or associations.
- A correlational study examines the relationship between two or more variables without manipulating them, aiming to determine the strength and direction of their association.
Sampling and Statistics
- A sample is a subset of individuals or objects selected from a larger population for study.
- The population is the entire group of individuals or objects that the researcher wants to generalize the findings to.
- Statistical power analysis is the process of determining the required sample size for a study based on the desired level of statistical power to detect significant effects or relationships.
Academic Integrity and Writing
- A primary source is an original research study or document.
- Peer review is the process of evaluating and assessing the quality and validity of a research study by experts in the field before it is published.
- Publication bias occurs when the publication of research findings is influenced by the results, leading to an imbalance in the representation of positive and negative findings.
- The purpose of an abstract is to provide a brief summary of a research paper.
- A block quote in APA style is a long quotation that is set off from the rest of the text.
- A hanging indent in APA style is a formatting style used for citations and references.
- Plagiarism is the act of passing off someone else's work, ideas, or words as one's own.
Test your knowledge on citations and primary and secondary sources with this quiz! Learn about the importance of citing sources and distinguishing between original research studies and interpretations of those studies. Challenge yourself with questions on different types of publications and their role in the academic world.
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