Cirrhosis of the Liver: Definition, Signs, and Symptoms

What is the primary consequence of thrombocytopenia?

Bleeding into the tissues and bruising (correct)
Abnormal liver function
Increased risk of infection
Elevated blood pressure

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of coagulopathy?

Prolonged bleeding after an injury
Spontaneous bleeding
Enhanced blood clotting (correct)
Excessive bleeding during medical procedures

What is the underlying cause of amenorrhea in the context of endocrine disorders?

Increased levels of aldosterone
Deficiency of thiamine
Excessive bleeding during menstruation
Decreased metabolism of hormones (correct)

What is the primary characteristic of cirrhosis?

Chronic disease of the liver marked by degeneration of cells, inflammation, and fibrous thickening of tissue (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of hyperaldosteronism?

Excessive release of aldosterone into the blood (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common cause of cirrhosis in the United States?

Malnutrition (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of peripheral neuropathy in the context of dietary deficiencies?

Deficiency of thiamine, folic acid, and cobalamin (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the eighth leading cause of death in the United States?

Cirrhosis (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical manifestation of leukopenia?

Reduction in the number of white cells in the blood (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference in the incidence of cirrhosis between men and women in the United States?

Men are twice as likely to have cirrhosis as women (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary symptom of early-stage cirrhosis?

Fatigue and enlarged liver (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is compensated cirrhosis?

A condition where the liver is scarred but still able to perform most its basic functions at some level (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common consequence of portal hypertension?

Abdominal ascites (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which complication is characterized by extremely dilated sub-mucosal veins in the lower third of the esophagus?

Esophageal varices (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism underlying the development of esophageal varices?

Portal hypertension (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most life-threatening complication of advanced liver disease?

Esophageal varices (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the complications of advanced liver disease?

Decompensated cirrhosis (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of hypoalbuminemia?

A medical sign in which the level of albumin in the blood is abnormally low (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of excess aldosterone production on potassium levels in the blood?

Decreased potassium levels (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the impaired ability to perform particular purposive actions due to brain damage?

Apraxia (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the condition where the liver is unable to convert increased ammonia, leading to neurological symptoms?

Hepatic encephalopathy (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the musty, sweet odor of a patient's breath due to portal hypertension?

Fetor hepaticus (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of excess hydrogen ion excretion in the body?

Metabolic alkalosis (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the flapping tremors seen in patients with hepatic encephalopathy?

Asterixis (D) Signup and view all the answers

A patient with cirrhosis has developed hepatorenal syndrome. What is the underlying mechanism contributing to this complication?

Portal hypertension leads to vasodilation and then renal vasoconstriction (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of performing liver enzyme tests in a patient with cirrhosis?

To assess liver function and detect liver damage (A) Signup and view all the answers

A patient with cirrhosis has developed ascites. What is the primary goal of sodium restriction in the management of this condition?

To reduce fluid accumulation in the abdominal cavity (B) Signup and view all the answers

A patient with cirrhosis has developed esophageal varices. What is the primary purpose of screening for their presence using endoscopy?

To prevent bleeding (D) Signup and view all the answers

A patient with cirrhosis has developed bleeding esophageal varices. What is the primary goal of octreotide therapy in this scenario?

To reduce bleeding (B) Signup and view all the answers

A patient with cirrhosis has been prescribed lactulose and rifaximin. What is the primary purpose of this therapy?

To reduce ammonia levels (C) Signup and view all the answers